A312 road

{{Infobox road

| country = GBR

| type = A

| route = 312

| image = The Parkway northbound - geograph.org.uk - 1169358.jpg

| image_notes = View of the A312 road ('The Parkway') in Hayes

| length_mi = 13.5

| direction_a = North

| terminus_a = Harrow

| direction_b = South

| terminus_b = Hampton

| junction = {{jct|country=GBR|A|404|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|4005|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|4090|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|40|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|4180|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|4020|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|437|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|M|4|dab1=Great Britain}}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|4|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|30|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|315|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|244|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|314|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|316|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|305|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|313|name1= }}
{{jct|country=GBR|A|311|name1= }}

| destinations = Heathrow Airport

|previous_type = A

|next_type = A

|previous_route = 311

|next_route = 313

}}

The A312 is an A road in England, running across west London from Hampton to Harrow. Its status varies from a local urban street to a major dual carriageway in Hayes. Part the road has been diverted to make way for Heathrow Airport, while another stretch was originally planned to be Ringway 3, one of four major ring motorways around London.

Route

The road is part primary, part non-primary, which reflects its status as a mix of local and regionally important traffic. The primary section of the road, under the name The Parkway (and part of it as Hayes Bypass), is a 5-mile dual carriageway trunk road with speed limits of 30 to 50 mph, running north–south from Northolt's Target Roundabout to the A30 interchange in Hatton.

The non-primary section is mostly a single carriageway and consist of urban roads, particularly the northern part, where it serves as the main road through Northolt and South Harrow. The southern end goes through more residential areas and ends at the foot of Bushy Park. The A308 to Hampton Court Palace and Sunbury-on-Thames is a short distance to the south.

History

Originally, the middle section from Hatton to Hayes ran via Harlington.{{cite map|url=https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/maps/index.php?searchmap=A312&gr=51.48449,-0.39348&map=MoTMap&zoom=12&layer=0&markers=51.42062,-0.35885,:51.57956,-0.34158,|title=Ministry of Transport Road Map Sheet 34 (London)|publisher=Ordnance Survey|year=1923|access-date=18 May 2019}} This road from Hatton to Harlington (then a country road) was demolished in the 1940s during the construction of Heathrow Airport - the northern half of the road in Harlington remains today as the A437, High Street. The A312 itself was rerouted from Hatton via a new road through Cranford to Hayes which opened c. 1959, again via today's A437 (North Hyde Road).{{Cite web|url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/128076441|title=View: Bartholomew's Revised Half-Inch Map, Surrey - Great Britain, Sheet 9 (England &a... - Bartholomew's Revised Half-Inch Map, Great Britain, 1940-47|website=maps.nls.uk}}

Later, a new road called The Causeway was built, cutting between the two balancing reservoirs of Heathrow's water pollution control. The A312 no longer went via the centre of Hatton (by Hatton Cross tube station) and joining the A30, instead going straight from Faggs Road via The Causeway to The Parkway.

=London Ringways=

The section of the road between Heathrow and Hayes was originally planned to be part of the Ringway 3 scheme, one of four concentric ring roads around London as part of the London Ringways project. In 1969, the Greater London Council widened the A312 north of the A30 near Heathrow to dual carriageway. Named The Parkway, it was intended to eventually become Ringway 3. {{sfn|Asher|2018|p=114}} In November 1975, the Transport Minister John Gilbert announced that the sections of Ringway 3 in south and west London, including the Parkway, were cancelled. They would be replaced by the M25, running further away from London.{{sfn|Asher|2018|p=116}}

=Hayes Bypass=

The Hayes Bypass section of The Parkway was opened, after long delay, in September 1992,{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199293/cmhansrd/1992-12-15/Debate-1.html|title=House of Commons Hansard Debates for 15 Dec 1992|website=publications.parliament.uk}} cutting through Bulls Bridge, Pump Lane Industrial Estate and Yeading. The A312 thus also no longer went through Yeading Lane, the main road of Yeading, and that was afterwards changed to a local road. The bypass also led to the creation of White Hart Roundabout, named after a pub nearby.

At the time, the town centre of Hayes and Old Southall were heavily congested beyond its supply.{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1974/may/01/ringway-3hayes|title=RINGWAY 3(HAYES) (Hansard, 1 May 1974)|website=api.parliament.uk}} This was partly because there was no direct link between the A40 Western Avenue at Northolt and the M4 motorway (which leads to Heathrow). Although supported by the local councils (Hounslow, Hillingdon, Ealing) and the Greater London Council,{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1980/jan/17/hayes-bypass|title=HAYES BYPASS (Hansard, 17 January 1980)|website=api.parliament.uk}} the Hayes Bypass was long delayed, and construction would not start until the late 1980s.{{sfn|Travers|2015|p=181}}

The new trunk road provided relief to Hayes town centre and eventually led to it to be pedestrianised.{{Cite web|url=http://www.getwestlondon.co.uk/incoming/45m-vision-future-hayes-town-6343144|title=£4.5m vision for the future of Hayes town centre revealed|first=Jack|last=Griffith|date=November 26, 2013|website=getwestlondon}}

Gallery

Playing Fields off Lower Road, Harrow - geograph.org.uk - 175024.jpg|A312 Lower Road, looking east towards West Street and Harrow on the Hill

South Harrow, Station Parade, Northolt Road - geograph.org.uk - 596260.jpg|A312 Northolt Road in South Harrow

A312, Petts Hill (geograph 5890039).jpg|A312 Petts Hill, in Northolt

Pond, Minet Country Park - geograph.org.uk - 93303.jpg|Minet Country Park just off The Parkway in Hayes

The Parkway passing over the Grand Union Canal, near to Bulls Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1178717.jpg|The Parkway bridge running over the Grand Union Canal near Hayes

Hayes Bypass (A312) just prior to opening. Hayes, Middlesex - geograph.org.uk - 40562.jpg|The Hayes Bypass shortly before its opening in 1992, when the completed road was in use for the Hillingdon Cycle Circuit

Hayes Town, Middlesex - geograph.org.uk - 36805.jpg|The A312 running through Hayes town centre in 1981, before the creation of the bypass to the east

Hayes - The Parkway A312 (geograph 6624899).jpg|View of The Parkway in Hayes

The Parkway Road near Cranford - panoramio.jpg|View of The Parkway near Cranford

Road bridge and covered walkway over railway line - geograph.org.uk - 951124.jpg|The A312 Harlington Road East and a walkway running over the Waterloo-Reading rail line near Feltham

A312 in Hanworth (geograph 4530284).jpg|A312 Hampton Road West in Hanworth

Longford River in Bushy Park - geograph.org.uk - 373825.jpg|The Pantile Bridge crossing the Longford River, across the very southern end of the A312 in Hampton

References

Citations

Sources

{{Cite book|title=London Boroughs at 50|first=Tony|last=Travers|date=November 24, 2015|publisher=Biteback Publishing|isbn= 978-1-785-90011-2}}
{{cite book|first=Wayne|last=Asher|title=Rings Around London: Orbital motorways and the battle for homes before roads|publisher=Capital History|year=2018|isbn=978-1-854-14421-8}}