A74(M) and M74 motorways

From its junction with the M8 just south of the Kingston Bridge, the newest section passes through the Glasgow districts of Govanhill, Polmadie, Oatlands and parts of the nearby towns of Rutherglen and Cambuslang, on an elevated embankment, with junctions at Kingston, Polmadie Road, Eastfield and Tollcross before connecting to the much older section of the M74.[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/impact-m74-extension-through-rutherglen-8306982.amp Impact of M74 extension through Rutherglen and Cambuslang continues to divide five years on], Daily Record, 30 June 2016 It then runs in a roughly south-easterly direction past the Clyde Valley towns of Uddingston, Bothwell, Hamilton and Motherwell, meeting the A725 road at junction 5 (Raith Interchange),{{cite web |url = https://www.glasgowmotorwayarchive.org/a725 |title = A725 East Kilbride to Coatbridge |work = Glasgow Motorway Archive }} before meeting the cross-country A71 at Larkhall. It passes west of Lanark and beyond Abington, where it changes into the A74(M). The road then bypasses Moffat and Lockerbie. The road then shortly enters England before becoming the M6 near Longtown.

From junction 4 southwards it is part of the E05 Euroroute from Greenock to Algeciras. North from junction 4, the E05 takes a short stretch of the M73 connecting to the M8 and then proceeds westwards through Glasgow to Greenock.

The A74 was the original route from Glasgow to Carlisle, where it met the A7 in Carlisle city centre and the A6 south to London.

Starting in the 1930s, the single-carriageway road between Gretna and Glasgow was progressively upgraded to dual carriageway, being completed in the early 1970s with the completion of the Gretna bypass.

At the northern end, it was not possible simply to add to the existing carriageway because of the built-up nature of the area. A bypass was built as one of Scotland's first motorways, the M74, from Draffan to Maryville, north of Uddingston, completed by 1969.[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/transport-scotland-hail-engineering-marvel-9397658 Transport Scotland hail engineering marvel of M74 construction, 50 years on], Daily Record, 5 December 2016 Junctions were originally numbered from south to north, which was the normal convention at the time numbers increasing going away from London, as there were no plans to extend the motorway.

The northern section around Hamilton was built as three-lane dual carriageway, narrowing to two-lane dual carriageway south of junction 4. It continued as the A74 dual-carriageway from Draffan and carrying on to link with the M6 junction 44 at Carlisle.

The southern sections, where there was no need to bypass the existing route, were not originally upgraded to motorway standard, but to dual carriageway without hard shoulders or full grade separation. The gradual construction of the M6 from Rugby (where it met the M1 to London) to Carlisle in 1970, where it terminated on the A74, meant that the route from Glasgow to London was entirely dual carriageway.

This led to calls for the already dualled A74 from Draffan to the M6 to be upgraded a second time, to motorway standard. As the government had already invested in the dual carriageway upgrade, they initially resisted these calls. In 1972 the Government agreed to extend the M74 from Draffan to today's junction 12 at Millbank. It was built in three sections, opening 1986–87. It was constructed to dual two-lane standard, and included a bypass of Lesmahagow, as the M74.

In 1984, in preparation for the southwards extension, the junction numbers were changed to go from north to south, Raith (junction 5) on the original south to north numbering remained as junction 5, with Maryville (the most northerly junction at that time) becoming junction 4, leaving lesser numbers available for junctions for the expected continuation of the motorway northwards.

When the first southern extension opened, Draffan, originally junction 1, ceased to exist and junction 9 (the first junction on the new extension) was and still is only a southbound exit onto the old A74 just south of Blackwood village, to serve the villages of Blackwood, Kirkmuirhill, Lesmahagow and Coalburn.

In 1987, the government committed to upgrading the remaining A74 from junction 12 to the M6 to motorway standard. When the first section opened, as far south as Abington (junctions 12-J13) in 1991 it was numbered M74. Following this, the government announced that the route would be completed as the M6, as the two motorways would meet head on at Carlisle. The Scottish section of the A74 was then upgraded in sections, not all contiguous, as the A74(M), a temporary number until all the sections were complete, and the {{Convert|8|mi||spell=in|abbr=|adj=on}} English section had been constructed and connected to the M6. They were constructed with dual three-lane carriageways. In 1995, the first northern extension was opened to Fullerton Road in Glasgow, as M74. The A74 upgrades were complete by 1999.

Plans to upgrade the English section of A74 (Cumberland Gap) from the Scottish border at Gretna to Carlisle were announced in 2004.{{cite web|url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/5069.aspx |title=M6 Carlisle to Guards Mill Extension |publisher=Highways Agency |access-date=20 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313133155/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/5069.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2008 }} Costing £174{{nbsp}}million, this was constructed as M6 as originally planned in the 1990s, and was opened on 5 December 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/northextension/|title=M6 North Extension, United Kingdom|work=Road Traffic Technology|access-date=20 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080204194035/http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/northextension/| archive-date= 4 February 2008 | url-status= live}} The project also included the construction of a new bridge crossing the River Esk.{{cite web|url=http://www.rmdkwikform.com/uk/portfolio/newprojects/Guardsmill/ |title=Traveller Solution Gets M6 Guardsmill Project Off Track and on Road to Delivery |date=11 July 2011 |publisher=RMD Kwikform |access-date=9 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921073516/http://www.rmdkwikform.com/uk/portfolio/newprojects/Guardsmill |archive-date=21 September 2010}} This means that there is now a continuous motorway from London to Glasgow, with four numbers (M1, M6, A74(M) and M74).

{{See also|List of road protests in the UK and Ireland}}

Construction on the six-lane M74 Northern Extension or M74 Completion Scheme northwards by {{convert|5|mi|km}} through the south-eastern part of Glasgow to meet the M8 started in 2008,[https://www.glasgowmotorwayarchive.org/m74-completion Fifty Years in the Making: The M74 Reaches Glasgow], Glasgow Motorway Archive, December 2020 with opening on 28 June 2011.{{cite web|title=M74 will benefit Scottish Economy|url=http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/M74-Completion-Scottish-Economy-benefit|publisher=Transport Scotland|access-date=5 April 2013|date=28 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606230052/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/M74-Completion-Scottish-Economy-benefit|archive-date=6 June 2013}} The extension involved the demolition of the Rosebery Park football ground.[http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/3BF6B6E0-41DD-4313-81E6-190518A2DF03/0/1847AL0024Lcurrentmasterplan.pdf Oatlands Regeneration Masterplan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616191928/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/3BF6B6E0-41DD-4313-81E6-190518A2DF03/0/1847AL0024Lcurrentmasterplan.pdf |date=16 June 2011 }}

The city centre section is supposed to perform a similar role to the never-built southern flank of the Glasgow Inner Ring Road planned in the 1960s, and first set out as a scheme in the Bruce Report of the 1940s, but only half-completed.

The scheme was opposed by JAM74, a coalition of various activist groups, led by Friends of the Earth. They successfully called for a public inquiry, which took place during 2003 and 2004. Developers mobilised discourses of blight and inflated job claims (which had expanded from 2,900-4,000 in 1994 to 44,000 in 2001) to argue for approval. The enquiry concluded that the job forecasts were "not [shown] to be robust" and the extension would have "very serious undesirable results", including community severance and an adverse effect on the environment. First Minister Jack McConnell said the road would be authorised regardless of the inquiry's findings.{{Cite web |title=The Clyde Gateway: A New Urban Frontiere Reviews {{!}} Variant issue 33 |url=https://romulusstudio.com/variant/33texts/3_V33gray.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=romulusstudio.com}}{{Cite news |date=2011-06-28 |title=Glasgow's new £692m M74 extension opens |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-13931242 |access-date=2023-01-08}}

The scheme was at the centre of a road protest from local campaigners and environmentalists; JAM74 launched an appeal against the original decision to ignore the inquiry's advice, however the case against the road orders collapsed on the first day of the hearing in June 2006, the net effect being a further three years delay to the start of construction, adding an estimated £20m to the construction cost. Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond officially launched construction on 28 May 2008.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-13927131|title=Timeline: Glasgow's M74 extension project|date=28 June 2011|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=30 January 2025}} Construction was carried out by Interlink M74, a joint venture of Balfour Beatty, Morgan Est, Morrison Construction and Sir Robert McAlpine.

Archaeological mitigation was required as part of the project and was one of the largest coordinated series of excavations carried out in an industrial city in Western Europe. Due to the sheer size of the project a joint venture by Headland Archaeology and Pre-Construct Archaeology were responsible for the excavations in 2007 and 2008;[https://headlandarchaeology.com/project/m74-completion-project-glasgow/ M74 Completion Project, Glasgow], Headland Archaeology. Retrieved 9 September 2021 during this time eight large former industrial sites were investigated involving more than a hundred archaeologists. Discoveries included the Govan Iron Works and associated workers' housing, the Caledonian Pottery, a block of 19th century tenements, a biscuit factory, urban limeworks and more. Many of the structures were in use into the 20th century. The excavation of both manufacturing and domestic sites provided a unique insight into both how objects were made and how they were used. Finds included stamped bricks from three local manufacturers, bottle and window glass fragments, and pottery stamps or transfer prints with different customer names on them.{{cite book|last1=Nevell|first1=Michael|title=The Birth of Industrial Glasgow; The Archaeology of the M74|date=2016|publisher=Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|isbn=978-1-90833-210-3}}

The project's cost far exceeded original projections. In 1999, it was expected to cost £177{{nbsp}}million. By the time the contract was awarded, it was projected at £445{{nbsp}}million. It ran under-budget at £437{{nbsp}}million. The project total is estimated to be £692{{nbsp}}million once the cost of purchasing land is included. There was a £12{{nbsp}}million allowance for grouting of old mine workings.{{cite web|url=http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/projects/m74-completion/the-project |title=M74 Completion — The Project |publisher=Transport Scotland |access-date=30 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218074637/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/projects/m74-completion/the-project |archive-date=18 December 2009 |url-status=dead }} The road was labelled "Britain's most expensive road" by the Glasgow Evening Times and Green MSP Patrick Harvie said the money should instead have been used to fund active and public transport improvements.

A report issued by Transport Scotland, one year after its opening, found the scheme was achieving its key objectives, including improved journey times and providing relief to the local road network and M8.{{Cite report |url=https://www.transport.ghttps//www.transport.gov.scot/media/10296/stripe-m74-completion-scheme-one-year-after-opening-evaluation-report.pdfov.scot/media/10296/stripe-m74-completion-scheme-one-year-after-opening-evaluation-report.pdf |title=M74 Completion Scheme One Year After Opening Evaluation |last=Transport |first=Scotland |date=March 2015 |publisher=Transport Scotland}}

File:A702 - M74 and A74(M) Road sign - geograph.org.uk - 74688.jpg

{{Main|A728 road}}

Construction of the East End Regeneration Route (designated as the A728) made use of existing stretches of road and filler sections on previously derelict land and has the ultimate intention to connect the M74 Northern Extensions with the M8 motorway at the Provan Gas Works interchange with the M80 motorway. Phase 1 and Phase 2 from the M74 junction 1A (Polmadie) to the A89 west of Parkhead began in 2008 and was completed in 2012, but Phase 3 from Parkhead to the M80 did not follow as planned.{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/Residents/Environment/Rivers/RiverClyde/Projects/ClydeGateway/EastEndRegen/

|title=East End Regeneration Route|publisher=Glasgow City Council|access-date=21 January 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071010045947/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/Residents/Environment/Rivers/RiverClyde/Projects/ClydeGateway/EastEndRegen/ |archive-date = 10 October 2007}}{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/default_content/12454640.m74-extension-will-gap-ever-filled/|title=M74 extension: Will the gap ever be filled?|work=The Herald|date=10 December 2007|access-date=21 January 2008}} Although plans were approved in early 2016, construction did not commence;{{cite web|last1=Braiden|first1=Gerry|title=£60m completion of motorway link road in Glasgow's east end given green light|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/14210752.__60m_completion_of_motorway_link_road_in_Glasgow_s_east_end_given_green_light/|publisher=Herald Scotland|access-date=6 September 2021|date=18 January 2016}}[https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/article/final-phase-of-60m-glasgow-carriageway-set-for-approval Final phase of £60m Glasgow carriageway set for approval], Scottish Construction Now, 18 January 2016 in 2021, it was confirmed that the project was still under consideration by the council despite funding problems and opposition on environmental grounds.[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/19382527.bid-drop-east-end-road-project-due-climate-emergency-concerns-fails/ Bid to drop East End road project due to climate emergency concerns fails], Glasgow Times, 18 June 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021

A new sculpture is planned near Gretna called the Star of Caledonia. One intention is for it to be viewed from the motorway, although there will be no motorway signs to indicate the structure.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-21591300|title=Star of Caledonia: Scotland-England landmark plan approved|work=BBC News|date=27 February 2013|access-date=27 February 2013}}

{{See also|M6 motorway}}

The motorway is usually referred to as the M74, as it is one continuous route and has a continuous junction numbering system, but south of Abington it is the A74(M), as noted on each sign, save for one erroneous "M74" sign at Gretna Green services.

One reason for this was an intended future-proofing measure. The A74(M) naming was planned only as a temporary solution for a road that would ultimately become the northern part of the M6. Indeed if an M7 motorway were ever to be built to Edinburgh, it would begin somewhere near the present junction 13 with the A702 road.

When the A74(M) was constructed in the 1990s, many of the signs were given patches with the A74(M) number: these patches can be peeled away to reveal "M6" underneath. One such sign, at the VOSA checkpoint at Beattock summit, states that it is the "M6 South", instead of the "A74 (M) South". This left an anomaly – the M74 began at Glasgow, then at junction 13 changed to A74(M) for the {{Convert|40|miles||spell=|abbr=}} to the border. Meanwhile, the English {{convert|8|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on|adj=on}} section of A74 was not upgraded due to lack of funds, leaving the "Cumberland Gap" of dual carriageway between the three-lane motorways. Until around 1996, the change of designation to M6 once the Cumberland Gap had been closed was definite.{{cite web |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1997/jan/22/m74-m6 |title=M74–M6 |work=Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) |date=22 January 1997 |access-date=6 January 2015 |quote=Lord James Douglas-Hamilton: The A74, A74(M), M74 route will be renamed the M6 on completion of its upgrading to full motorway status.}} When the Scottish Executive was established in 1999, taking over responsibility for roads in Scotland, Sarah Boyack said that "We have no current plans to rename or redesignate the M74 or A74(M) motorways between Glasgow and the border as the M6".{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/pqa/wa-99/wa0713.htm|title=Scottish Parliament Written Answers|publisher=Scottish Parliament|date=13 July 1999|access-date=1 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041025234223/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/pqa/wa-99/wa0713.htm |archive-date=25 October 2004 |quote=Sarah Boyack: We have no current plans to rename or redesignate the M74 or A74(M) motorways between Glasgow and the border as the M6.}}

When the original motorway sections were built in the 1960s, the motorway was numbered south-to-north, with Draffan at its southern terminus with the A74 dual carriageway being junction 1 and Maryville junction 6.

When the M74 was to be extended south of Draffan in the 1980s, it was renumbered, in 1984 in preparation for the opening of the southern extension, north-to-south. The Raith or Raith remained as junction 5, while Maryville became junction 4, allowing for later extension northwards, towards Glasgow. The original junction 1 at Draffan was closed, with the first new junction 9 (Blackwood) replacing it, using the southbound carriageway of the old A74 as a slip road. The remains of the semicircular access road to the southbound carriageway are still visible at Draffan Road, with the Blackwood slip road now used as an access road to new housing. In preparation for the extension to meet the M8 south of the Kingston Bridge, in 2010, junctions 1–3 of the First Northern Extension, were renumbered 2A, 3 and 3A to accommodate the new junctions.

File:Cambuslang from the air (geograph 5374281).jpg|M74 through Cambuslang

File:Road, rail and river from the air (geograph 5716630).jpg|M73 and M74

File:Blantyre and the River Clyde from the air (geograph 5716664).jpg|M74 by Blantyre and the River Clyde

File:The M74 Junction 6 (Hamilton) from the air (geograph 5719064).jpg|The M74 junction 6 (Hamilton)

• List of motorways in the United Kingdom

{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}

• [https://www.scottishroadsarchive.org/m74 Scottish Roads Archive - the M74 Motorway]
• [http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=6039 CONSTRUCTION OF M74 MOTORWAY (1966)] (archive film from the National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE)

{{GeoGroup}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20020526200430/http://www.m74completion.com/ Northern extension]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120824151352/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/5069.aspx Southern extension]
• [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/transport/m74r-00.asp/ Public Inquiry findings]

{{Commons category|M74 motorway}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050402014746/http://www.jam74.org/ JAM74: Joint Action against the M74]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090207212655/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m74glascarl.htm The Motorway Archive – M74/A74(M)]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7244627.stm BBC NEWS | UK | Scotland | Glasgow, Lanarkshire and West | Final go-ahead for M74 extension]
• [http://www.clydewaterfront.com/projects/glasgow-city-centre/infrastructure/m74-m8interchange M74-M8 Interchange – Clyde Waterfront regeneration]

{{Motorways in the United Kingdom}}

{{Transport in Glasgow}}

{{Motorways and Trunk Roads in England}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:A74(M) And M74 Motorways}}

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