AB Aurigae

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Auriga}}

{{Starbox begin}}

{{Starbox image

| image = 270px

| caption = ALMA image of the dust ring (red) and gaseous spirals (blue) of the circumstellar disk AB Aurigae reveal gaseous spiral arms inside a wide dust gap, providing a hint of planet formation.

| credit = ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/Tang et al.

}}

{{Starbox observe

| epoch = J2000

| ra = {{RA|04|55|45.84589}}

| dec = {{DEC|+30|33|04.2921}}

| appmag_v = 7.05

| constell = Auriga

}}

{{Starbox character

| type = Pre-main-sequence

| class = A0Ve

| r-i =

| v-r =

| b-v = +0.11

| u-b = +0.04

| variable = INA (Herbig Ae)

}}

{{Starbox astrometry

| radial_v = {{val|+8.9|0.9}}

| prop_mo_ra = +4.018

| prop_mo_dec = –24.027

| pm_footnote =

| parallax = 6.4127

| p_error = 0.0372

| parallax_footnote=

| absmag_v =

}}

{{Starbox detail

| mass = {{val|2.4|0.2}}

| radius = 2.5

| temperature = 9,772

| luminosity = ~38

| age_myr = {{val|4|1}}

}}

{{Starbox catalog

| names = {{odlist | V=AB Aur | BD=+30° 741 | HD=31293 | HIP=22910 | SAO=57506 }}

}}

{{Starbox reference

| Simbad = HD+31293

}}

{{Starbox end}}

AB Aurigae is a young Herbig Ae star in the Auriga constellation. It is located at a distance of approximately 509 light years from the Sun based on stellar parallax. This pre-main-sequence star has a stellar classification of A0Ve, matching an A-type main-sequence star with emission lines in the spectrum. It has 2.4 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 38 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,772 K. The radio emission from the system suggests the presence of a thermal jet originating from the star with a velocity of {{val|300|u=km s−1}}. This is causing an estimated mass loss of {{val|1.7|e=−8|u={{solar mass}} yr−1}}.

Mary Doris Applegate Beach discovered that AB Aurigae is a variable star by examining 150 photographic plates taken between 1914 and 1921. Her discovery was announced in 1921.

This star is known for hosting a dust disk that harbour a massive protoplanet or proto-brown dwarf. The star is part of the young Taurus-Auriga association, which is located in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. It may recently have encountered a dense cloudlet, which disrupted its debris disk and produced an additional reflection nebula.

Planetary system

In 2017 scientists used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to take an image of the protoplanetary disk around AB Aurigae. The image showed a dusty disk which has a radius of about 120 astronomical units and a distinct "gap". Inside this gap gaseous spiral arms are detected in CO.

Observations with ALMA found two gaseous spiral arms inside the disk. These are best explained by an unseen planet with a semimajor axis of about 60–80 au. An additional planet with a semimajor axis of 30 au and with a large pitch angle compared to the disk (likely higher inclination) could explain the emptiness of the inner dusty disk. The outer planet was still not detected as in 2022, putting an upper limit on is mass at 3–4 {{Jupiter_mass}}, inconsistent with the spiral structures observed in the disk.{{citation|arxiv=2201.08867|year=2022|title=Large Binocular Telescope Search for Companions and Substructures in the (Pre)transitional Disk of AB Aurigae|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac4be4|last1=Jorquera|first1=Sebastián|last2=Bonnefoy|first2=Mickaël|last3=Betti|first3=Sarah|last4=Chauvin|first4=Gaël|last5=Buenzli|first5=Esther|last6=Pérez|first6=Laura M.|last7=Follette|first7=Katherine B.|last8=Hinz|first8=Philip M.|last9=Boccaletti|first9=Anthony|last10=Bailey|first10=Vanessa|last11=Biller|first11=Beth|last12=Defrère|first12=Denis|last13=Eisner|first13=Josh|last14=Henning|first14=Thomas|last15=Klahr|first15=Hubert|last16=Leisenring|first16=Jarron|last17=Olofsson|first17=Johan|last18=Schlieder|first18=Joshua E.|last19=Skemer|first19=Andrew J.|last20=Skrutskie|first20=Michael F.|last21=Van Boekel|first21=Roy |display-authors=1 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=926|issue=1|page=71|bibcode=2022ApJ...926...71J|s2cid=246240894 |doi-access=free }} The planet-like clump observed in April 2022 at projected separation 93 AU from star, may be either an accretion disk around newly formed planet or the unstable disk region currently transforming into the planet. Evidence for unstable disk regions transforming into companions, possibly supporting such a formation of AB Aurigae b was reported in a Nature paper published in September 2024.{{Cite journal |last1=Speedie |first1=Jessica |last2=Dong |first2=Ruobing |last3=Hall |first3=Cassandra |last4=Longarini |first4=Cristiano |last5=Veronesi |first5=Benedetta |last6=Paneque-Carreño |first6=Teresa |last7=Lodato |first7=Giuseppe |last8=Tang |first8=Ya-Wen |last9=Teague |first9=Richard |last10=Hashimoto |first10=Jun |date=2024-09-05 |title=Gravitational instability in a planet-forming disk |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07877-0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=633 |issue=8028 |pages=58–62 |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07877-0 |pmid=39232150 |arxiv=2409.02196 |bibcode=2024Natur.633...58S |issn=1476-4687}} The planet was independently detected in July 2022.{{citation|arxiv=2207.06525|year=2022|title=HST/WFC3 Hα Direct-imaging Detection of a Pointlike Source in the Disk Cavity of AB Aur|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac7fef |last1=Zhou |first1=Yifan |last2=Sanghi |first2=Aniket |last3=Bowler |first3=Brendan P. |last4=Wu |first4=Ya-Lin |last5=Close |first5=Laird M. |last6=Long |first6=Feng |last7=Ward-Duong |first7=Kimberly |last8=Zhu |first8=Zhaohuan |last9=Kraus |first9=Adam L. |last10=Follette |first10=Katherine B. |last11=Bae |first11=Jaehan |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=934 |issue=1 |pages=L13 |bibcode=2022ApJ...934L..13Z |s2cid=251064702 |doi-access=free }}

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin

| table_ref =

| period_unit = year

}}

{{OrbitboxPlanet disk

| disk = protoplanetary disk

| periapsis = 43

| apoapsis = 430{{citation|arxiv=1911.04833|year=2020|title=Late encounter events as source of disks and spiral structures|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201936820|last1=Kuffmeier|first1=M.|last2=Goicovic|first2=F. G.|last3=Dullemond|first3=C. P.|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=633|pages=A3|s2cid=207863630}}

| inclination =

}}

{{OrbitboxPlanet

| exoplanet = b

| mass = 9–12

| period = ?

| semimajor = 93{{cite journal | last1=Currie | first1=Thayne | last2=Lawson | first2=Kellen | last3=Schneider | first3=Glenn | last4=Lyra | first4=Wladimir | last5=Wisniewski | first5=John | last6=Grady | first6=Carol | last7=Guyon | first7=Olivier | last8=Tamura | first8=Motohide | last9=Kotani | first9=Takayuki | last10=Kawahara | first10=Hajime | last11=Brandt | first11=Timothy | last12=Uyama | first12=Taichi | last13=Muto | first13=Takayuki | last14=Dong | first14=Ruobing | last15=Kudo | first15=Tomoyuki | last16=Hashimoto | first16=Jun | last17=Fukagawa | first17=Misato | last18=Wagner | first18=Kevin | last19=Lozi | first19=Julien | last20=Chilcote | first20=Jeffrey | last21=Tobin | first21=Taylor | last22=Groff | first22=Tyler | last23=Ward-Duong | first23=Kimberly | last24=Januszewski | first24=William | last25=Norris | first25=Barnaby | last26=Tuthill | first26=Peter | last27=van der Marel | first27=Nienke | last28=Sitko | first28=Michael | last29=Deo | first29=Vincent | last30=Vievard | first30=Sebastien | last31=Jovanovic | first31=Nemanja | last32=Martinache | first32=Frantz | last33=Skaf | first33=Nour |display-authors=1 | title=Images of embedded Jovian planet formation at a wide separation around AB Aurigae | journal=Nature Astronomy | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=4 April 2022 | volume=6 | issue=6 | pages=751–759 | issn=2397-3366 | doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01634-x | arxiv=2204.00633 | bibcode=2022NatAs...6..751C | s2cid=247940163 }}

| eccentricity = 0.19–0.60 | inclination = 27.1–58.2 | radius = 2.75

}}

{{Orbitbox end}}

Gallery

File:Abaurigae hst big.jpg|AB Aurigae and its dust disk seen by Hubble

File:ABAurLightCurve.png|A light curve for AB Aurigae from MOST satellite data, adapted from Cody et al. (2013)

File:HST Images of Jupiter-like Protoplanet AB Aurigae B.png|Hubble Space Telescope images of protoplanet AB Aurigae b.

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite journal |last1=Cody |first1=Ann Marie |last2=Tayar |first2=Jamie |last3=Hillenbrand |first3=Lynne A. |last4=Matthews |first4=Jaymie M. |last5=Kallinger |first5=Thomas |title=Precise High-cadence Time Series Observations of Five Variable Young Stars in Auriga with MOST |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=March 2013 |volume=145 |issue=3 |page=79 |doi=10.1088/0004-6256/145/3/79 |arxiv=1302.0018 |bibcode=2013AJ....145...79C |s2cid=1261183 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AJ....145...79C |access-date=29 October 2021}}

{{cite journal |last1=Cannon |first1=A. J. |last2=Leavitt |first2=H. S. |last3=Bailey |first3=S. I. |title=Fifty-One New Variable Stars |journal=Harvard College Observatory Circular |date=May 2, 1921 |volume=225 |pages=1–3 |bibcode=1921HarCi.225....1C |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1921HarCi.225....1C |access-date=28 November 2024}}

{{cite simbad

| title=AB Aur | access-date=2021-03-05 }}

{{Cite Gaia DR3|156917493449670656}}

{{Cite web

| url=https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/astronomers-found-spirals-inside-a-dust-gap-of-a-young-star-forming-disk/

| title=Astronomers Found Spirals Inside a Dust Gap of a Young Star Forming Disk

| website=ALMA

| access-date=2020-02-22

| archive-date=2020-05-28

| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528031111/https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/astronomers-found-spirals-inside-a-dust-gap-of-a-young-star-forming-disk/

}}

{{cite journal

| title=An Ionized Outflow from AB Aur, a Herbig Ae Star with a Transitional Disk

| display-authors=1 | last1=Rodríguez | first1=Luis F.

| last2=Zapata | first2=Luis A. | last3=Dzib | first3=Sergio A.

| last4=Ortiz-León | first4=Gisela N. | last5=Loinard | first5=Laurent

| last6=Macías | first6=Enrique | last7=Anglada | first7=Guillem

| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters

| volume=793 | issue=1 | id=L21 | page=4 | date=September 2014

| arxiv=1408.7068 | bibcode=2014ApJ...793L..21R

| doi=10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L21 | s2cid=118640915 }}

{{cite journal

| title=B- and A-type Stars in the Taurus-Auriga Star-forming Region

| display-authors=1 | last1=Mooley | first1=Kunal

| last2=Hillenbrand | first2=Lynne | last3=Rebull | first3=Luisa

| last4=Padgett | first4=Deborah | last5=Knapp | first5=Gillian

| journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=771 | issue=2 | id=110 | page=24 | date=July 2013

| arxiv=1306.0598 | bibcode=2013ApJ...771..110M

| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/771/2/110 | s2cid=2176170 }}

{{cite journal

| title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system

| journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues

| last=Ducati | first=J. R.

| volume=2237 | year=2002

| bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D }}

{{cite journal

| title=Catalogue of homogeneous data in the UBV photoelectric photometric system

| last=Nicolet | first=B.

| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series

| volume=34 | pages=1–49 | date=1964

| bibcode=1978A&AS...34....1N }}

{{Cite journal

| display-authors=1 | last1=Samus' | first1=N. N.

| last2=Kazarovets | first2=E. V. | last3=Durlevich | first3=O. V.

| last4=Kireeva | first4=N. N. | last5=Pastukhova | first5=E. N.

| title=General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1

| journal=Astronomy Reports | language=en

| volume=61 | issue=1 | pages=80–88 | date=January 2017

| doi=10.1134/S1063772917010085 | issn=1063-7729

| bibcode=2017ARep...61...80S | s2cid=125853869 }}

{{cite journal

| title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system

| last=Gontcharov | first=G. A.

| journal=Astronomy Letters

| volume=32 | issue=11 | pages=759–771 | date=2006

| bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G | s2cid=119231169

| doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065 | arxiv=1606.08053 }}

{{cite journal

| title=A Tale of Two Herbig Ae Stars, MWC 275 and AB Aurigae: Comprehensive Models for Spectral Energy Distribution and Interferometry

| display-authors=1 | last1=Tannirkulam | first1=A.

| last2=Monnier | first2=J. D. | last3=Harries | first3=T. J.

| last4=Millan-Gabet | first4=R. | last5=Zhu | first5=Z.

| last6=Pedretti | first6=E. | last7=Ireland | first7=M.

| last8=Tuthill | first8=P. | last9=Ten Brummelaar | first9=T.

| last10=McAlister | first10=H. | last11=Farrington | first11=C.

| last12=Goldfinger | first12=P. J. | last13=Sturmann | first13=J.

| last14=Sturmann | first14=L. | last15=Turner | first15=N. | s2cid=45548

| journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=689 | issue=1 | pages=513–531 | year=2008

| bibcode=2008ApJ...689..513T | arxiv=0808.1728

| doi=10.1086/592346 }}

{{cite journal

| title=An Ordered Magnetic Field in the Protoplanetary Disk of AB Aur Revealed by Mid-infrared Polarimetry

| last1=Li | first1=Dan | last2=Pantin | first2=Eric

| last3=Telesco | first3=Charles M. | last4=Zhang | first4=Han

| last5=Wright | first5=Christopher M. | last6=Barnes | first6=Peter J.

| last7=Packham | first7=Chris | last8=Mariñas | first8=Naibí

| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=832 | issue=1 | page=18 | year=2016

| bibcode=2016ApJ...832...18L | arxiv=1609.02493

| doi=10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/18 | s2cid=118475064 | doi-access=free }}

{{Cite journal

| title=Planet Formation in AB Aurigae: Imaging of the Inner Gaseous Spirals Observed inside the Dust Cavity

| display-authors=1 | last1=Tang | first1=Ya-Wen

| last2=Guilloteau | first2=Stephane | last3=Dutrey | first3=Anne

| last4=Muto | first4=Takayuki | last5=Shen | first5=Bo-Ting

| last6=Gu | first6=Pin-Gao | last7=Inutsuka | first7=Shu-ichiro

| last8=Momose | first8=Munetake | last9=Pietu | first9=Vincent

| last10=Fukagawa | first10=Misato | last11=Chapillon | first11=Edwige

| journal=The Astrophysical Journal | language=en

| volume=840 | issue=1 | page=32 | date=May 2017

| bibcode=2017ApJ...840...32T | s2cid=119351517 | issn=0004-637X

| doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aa6af7 | arxiv=1704.02699 | doi-access=free }}

{{Cite journal

| display-authors=1 | last1=Gagné | first1=Jonathan

| last2=Mamajek | first2=Eric E. | last3=Malo | first3=Lison

| last4=Riedel | first4=Adric | last5=Rodriguez | first5=David

| last6=Lafrenière | first6=David | last7=Faherty | first7=Jacqueline K.

| last8=Roy-Loubier | first8=Olivier | last9=Pueyo | first9=Laurent

| last10=Robin | first10=Annie C. | last11=Doyon | first11=René

| title=BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ Multivariate Bayesian Algorithm to Identify Members of Young Associations with 150 pc

| journal=Astrophysical Journal | language=en

| volume=856 | issue=1 | page=23 | date=March 2018

| bibcode=2018ApJ...856...23G | s2cid=119185386 | issn=0004-637X

| doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aaae09 | arxiv=1801.09051 | doi-access=free }}

{{cite journal

| title=The Solar-System-Scale Disk around AB Aurigae

| first1=Ben R. | last1=Oppenheimer | last2=Brenner | first2=Douglas

| last3=Hinkley | first3=Sasha | last4=Zimmerman | first4=Neil

| last5=Sivaramakrishnan | first5=Anand | last6=Soummer | first6=Remi

| last7=Kuhn | first7=Jeffrey | last8=Graham | first8=James R.

| last9=Perrin | first9=Marshall | last10=Lloyd | first10=James P.

| last11=Roberts | first11=Lewis C. Jr. | last12=Harrington | first12=David M.

| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=679 | issue=2 | pages=1574–1581 | date=2008

| bibcode=2008ApJ...679.1574O | s2cid=17424945

| doi=10.1086/587778 | arxiv=0803.3629 }}

}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal

| title=The first high-resolution X-ray spectrum of a Herbig star: AB Aurigae

| last1=Telleschi | first1=A. | last2=Güdel | first2=M.

| last3=Briggs | first3=K. R. | last4=Skinner | first4=S. L.

| last5=Audard | first5=M. | last6=Franciosini | first6=E.

| display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics

| volume=468 |pages=541–556 |issue= 2| date=2007

| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065422 | arxiv=astro-ph/0610456

| bibcode=2007A&A...468..541T | s2cid=14242067 }}

  • {{cite journal

| title=TEXES Observations of Pure Rotational H2 Emission from AB Aurigae

| last1=Bitner | first1=Martin A.| last2=Richter | first2=Matthew J.

| last3=Lacy | first3=John H.| last4=Greathouse | first4=Thomas K.

| last5=Jaffe | first5=Daniel T.| last6=Blake | first6=Geoffrey A.

| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=661 | pages=L69–L72 | issue=1 | date=2007

| bibcode=2007ApJ...661L..69B | s2cid=14473137

| doi=10.1086/518717 | arxiv=0704.1481 }}

  • {{cite journal

| title=Spiral Structure in the Circumstellar Disk around AB Aurigae

| last1=Fukagawa | first1=Misato

| last2=Hayashi | first2=Masahiko | last3=Tamura | first3=Motohide

| last4=Itoh | first4=Yoichi | last5=Hayashi | first5=Saeko S.

| last6=Oasa | first6=Yumiko | last7=Takeuchi | first7=Taku

| last8=Morino | first8=Jun-ichi | last9=Murakawa | first9=Koji

| last10=Oya | first10=Shin | last11=Yamashita | first11=Takuya

| last12=Suto | first12=Hiroshi | last13=Mayama | first13=Satoshi

| last14=Naoi | first14=Takahiro | last15=Ishii | first15=Miki

| last16=Pyo | first16=Tae-Soo | last17=Nishikawa | first17=Takayuki

| last18=Takato | first18=Naruhisa | last19=Usuda | first19=Tomonori

| last20=Ando | first20=Hiroyasu | last21=Iye | first21=Masanori

| last22=Miyama | first22=Shoken M. | last23=Kaifu | first23=Norio

| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=605 | pages=L53–L56 | issue=1 | date=2004

| bibcode=2004ApJ...605L..53F |doi=10.1086/420699 | s2cid=123196140 | doi-access=free }}

  • {{cite journal

| title=Identification of iron sulphide grains in protoplanetary disks

| display-authors=1 | first1=L. P. | last1=Keller

| first2=S. | last2=Hony | first3=J. P. | last3=Bradley

| first4=F. J. | last4=Molster | first5=L. B. F. M. | last5=Waters

| first6=J. | last6=Bouwman | first7=A. | last7=de Koter

| first8=D. E. | last8=Brownlee | first9=G. J. | last9=Flynn

| first10=T. | last10=Henning | first11=H. | last11=Mutschke

| journal=Nature

| volume=417 | pages=148–150 | issue=6885 | date=2002

| doi=10.1038/417148a | pmid=12000914

| bibcode = 2002Natur.417..148K | s2cid=4420339

| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233219 }}