AMX International AMX

File:AMX (5167938804).jpg

During early 1977, the Italian Air Force issued a requirement for 187 new-build strike fighters, which were to replace its existing Aeritalia G.91 in the close air support and reconnaissance missions, as well as the Lockheed RF-104G Starfighter also being used in the reconnaissance role.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 289. Rather than competing for the contract, Aeritalia (now Alenia Aeronautica) and Aermacchi agreed to produce a joint proposal for the requirement, as both firms had been considering the development of a similar class of aircraft for some years. During the early 1970s, Aermacchi conducted work on a design study for such a light ground attack aircraft under the designation of MB-340. In April 1978, development work on the joint venture formally commenced.Braybrook 1989, p. 267.

During 1980, the Brazilian government announced that they intended to participate in the program in order to provide a replacement for the Aermacchi MB-326. In July 1981, the Italian and Brazilian governments agreed on joint requirements for the aircraft, and Embraer was invited to join the industrial partnership. An agreement was also struck to divide AMX manufacturing between the partners; for each production aircraft, Aeritalia manufactured 46.5 per cent of the components (central fuselage, stabilisers and rudders), Aermacchi produced 22.8 per cent (front fuselage and tail cone), and Embraer performed 29.7 per cent of the work (wing, air intakes, pylons and drop tanks). There was no duplication of work, each component of the aircraft was built at one source only. The planned requirements were 187 aircraft for Italy and 100 for Brazil.Warwick 1981, p. 1544. Final deliveries were 136 aircraft for the Italian Air Force (110 AMX & 26 AMX-T) and 94 airplanes for the Brazilian Air Force (79 AMX & 15 AMX-T) for a total of 230 planes between the two countries.Felstead, Peter. "Italian Air Force retires its AMX light attack aircraft after 35 years’ service". European Security & Defence, 05 April 2024, https://euro-sd.com/2024/04/major-news/37379/italian-air-force-retires-amx/#:~:text=On%205%20April%202024%20the,after%2035%20years%20of%20service"

File:FAB AMX International A-1A - Lofting.jpg, Argentina, 2005]]

In the early stages of development, various different powerplants and engine configurations were studied to power the type; both twin-engine and single-engine approaches were considered. The use of US-sourced engines had been promptly discounted to avoid any potential restrictions on export sales of the overall aircraft. Amongst the engines examined were the Turbo-Union RB199 (as used by the larger Panavia Tornado), the Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour, Rolls-Royce Viper, and the Rolls-Royce Spey engine. In 1978, the Spey 807 model, which featured several additional improvements, was selected to power the new aircraft.

Key features that were reportedly emphasised in the design process of the new aircraft were accessibility and survivability; the AMX had to be able to sustain a single failure to any onboard system without any performance degradation. To achieve this, key systems are duplicated and vital systems are protected; the use of cockpit armor was considered but ultimately discounted due to the expense involved. The detailed definition phase of the project was completed in March 1980.

A total of seven flight-capable prototypes were produced for the test program, three by Aeritalia, two by Aermacchi, and two by Embraer, as well as two static airframes. The first prototype, assembled in Italy, made its maiden flight on 15 May 1984. This first aircraft was lost on its fifth flight in an accident, resulting in the death of its pilot.Braybrook 1989, p. 275. Aside from this early loss, testing progressed without further incident.Meitus 1992, pp. 223–224. The first Brazilian-assembled prototype made its first flight on 16 October 1985. On 11 May 1988, the first production aircraft performed its first flight. Deliveries of production aircraft to Italy began in 1988, the first units were delivered to the Brazilian Air Force during the following year.Lambert 1993, p. 126. On 14 March 1990, the prototype two-seat AMX made its first flight.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 291.

File:AMX - RIAT 2008 (2674769345).jpg]]

The AMX is a conventional shoulder-winged monoplane. It is composed primarily of aluminium and manufactured using traditional construction methods, however elements such as the tail fin and elevators use carbon fibre composite materials. For its size, a large proportion of the AMX's internal space is allocated to avionics and onboard computer systems, both the navigation and attack systems are computerized.Warwick 1981, p. 1545. For accessibility and ease of maintenance, all avionics are installed directly in bays beneath the cockpit in a manner in which they can be worked upon at ground level without the use of support platforms.

Drawing on experience from the Panavia Tornado, the AMX is equipped with a hybrid flight control system; a fly-by-wire control system is employed to operate flight control surfaces such as the spoilers, rudder and variable incidence tailplane, while the ailerons and elevators are actuated via a dual-redundant hydraulic system. Manual reversion is provided for the ailerons, elevator and rudder to allow the aircraft to be flown even in the event of complete hydraulic failure; either control system can act independent of one another.Warwick 1981, pp. 1544–1545. The wing is fitted with both leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps and overwing spoilers ahead of the flaps. The spoilers can function as airbrakes and to negate lift; improving take-off and landing performance as well as manoeuvrability during flight.

A single Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engine serves as the AMX's powerplant. During the aircraft's development, the Spey was heavier and less modern than some of the available alternatives, but it was considered to be reliable, relatively cheap and was free of export restrictions that would be imposed by using American engines.Braybrook 1989, p. 270. The Spey engine also enabled for the use of a simplified round-lipped inlet design. The rear fuselage is detachable in order to gain access to the engine. Separate consortia in both Brazil and Italy manufactured the Spey for the AMX. Unusual for a strike aircraft of the era, no attempt was made to develop the aircraft to fly at supersonic speeds.

File:Italian-Brazilian AMX.JPEG, 1989]]

Brazilian and Italian aircraft differ considerably in their avionics, Italian aircraft being equipped with various NATO systems which were considered redundant in the South American theatre. AMXs in Brazilian service are often fitted with one of three pallet-mounted sensor packages, which contain various vertical, oblique, and forward-facing cameras, for performing the aircraft's secondary aerial reconnaissance role. A simple ranging radar is equipped for targeting purposes, however the specific radar also differs between both operators.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 290. The flight system employs a GE Avionics flight control computer.Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, pp. 289–290. Extensive electronic countermeasure (ECM) are fitted to protect the aircraft, including passive receiver antenna on the tailfin and an active jammer pod that is typically mounted on one of the aircraft's hardpoints.

Various munitions could be mounted on the one centerline and four under-wing hardpoints, including bombs, missiles and rockets; payloads of up to {{cvt|2000|lb|-2|order=flip}} may be carried upon the centerline and the two innermost under-wing pylons, while the outer pylons can carry up to {{cvt|1000|lb|-2|order=flip}}. All four of the under-wing hardpoints are plumbed for drop tanks to extend the aircraft's range, Italian aircraft are also fitted with a fixed aerial refueling probe. Optical reconnaissance pods can be carried externally on the centerline hardpoint. Wingtip rails are provided for infrared guided air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder and MAA-1 Piranha. Italian aircraft are fitted with a M61 Vulcan 20 mm rotary cannon on the port side of the lower fuselage. The United States denied the sale of the M61 to Brazil, thus its AMXs are instead fitted with two 30 mm DEFA 554 revolver cannons.Jackson 1991, p. 135.

{{clear left}}

File:CRUZEX 2013 (10798460426).jpg

The first operational squadron of the Italian air force, the 103° Gruppo of 51° Stormo formed in November 1989,Nicolli 1997, p. 351. with the first Italian unit also forming in 1989.Jackson 1991, p. 138. Both the Italian and Brazilian AMX fleets were grounded in February 1992, following the crash of an Italian AMX due to engine failure. Operations were allowed to restart in May of that year, following modification of the engines.Nicolli 1997, pp. 351–352.[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1992/1992%20-%201158.html?search=AMX "Brazil and Italy lift AMX Ban"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220020100/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1992/1992%20-%201158.html?search=AMX |date=20 December 2013 }}. Flight International, 6–12 May 1992, p. 14.

Italy assigned six AMXs from 103° Gruppo to operations over Bosnia in 1995 as part of Operation Deny Flight, which was followed by a similar deployment in support of the IFOR peacekeepers in Bosnia. This deployment was interrupted by another grounding, again due to engine failure, between January and March 1996.Nicolli 1997, p. 352. Italian AMX aircraft were used in 1999 in the Kosovo war. Instead of using unguided or more traditional laser-guided bombs, the Italian Air Force used dozens of Mk 82 bombs fitted with Opher Israeli guidance kits, effectively converting the "dumb" bombs into an infrared-guided bomb.{{cite web | url = http://www.flightglobal.com/Articles/1999/06/17/52884/Opher+bomb+deployed+in+Kosovo.html | title = Opher bomb deployed in Kosovo | publisher = Flight Global}}

In the late 1990s, AMX International was considering a major engine refit; a non-afterburning variant of the Eurojet EJ200 was proposed, with considerably more thrust than the existing powerplant.Norris, Guy. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200943.html "EJ200 engine proposed for AMX."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003050341/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200943.html |date=3 October 2013 }} Flight International, 20 April 1999. In 2005, the Italian Air Force launched an upgrade programme (ACOL Aggionamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche – Operational and Logistical Capability Upgrade) for 55 of its AMXs,{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/02/08/193586/alenia-lands-390m-amx-upgrade-contract.html |title= Alenia lands $390m AMX upgrade contract |date= 8 February 2005 |work= Flight International |publisher= Flight Global |access-date= 7 November 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070908074050/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/02/08/193586/alenia-lands-390m-amx-upgrade-contract.html |archive-date= 8 September 2007 |url-status= live }} adding a new laser INS, new cockpit displays and allowing the aircraft to drop Joint Direct Attack Munition guided bombs.Niccoli 2009, p.44. In August 2007, Embraer began a major midlife upgrade programme and modernisation of 53 Brazilian Air Force AMX A-1s, focusing on avionics systems and new armament additions; the programme is estimated to have extended the lifespan of the fleet beyond 2027.Gething, Michael J. [http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?ID=1065926600 "Embraer commences AMX modifications for the Brazilian Air Force."] Jane's, 9 June 2007.

File:AMI AMX.jpg

Starting in November 2009, four Italian AMXs were deployed overseas for operations in Afghanistan, replacing the same number of Italian Tornado IDS in the reconnaissance role.Peruzzi, Luca. [http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?id=1065971247 "Italy's JATF in Afghanistan boosts air-to-ground and C-IED capabilities."] Jane's, 9 November 2012. Of particular note is the aircraft's ability to share digital electro-optical and infrared sensor information with ground troops in real time, providing valuable reconnaissance information and helping to minimise threat exposure. By the end of 2010 over 700 combat missions had been flown in the Afghan theatre. On 28 May 2014, the AMX performed its last combat sortie in the Afghan theatre, and on 20 June 2014, all remaining AMXs were withdrawn from Afghanistan.[http://www.avionews.com/index.php?corpo=see_news_home.php&news_id=1123496&pagina_chiamante=index.php "Italian Air Force: a year of missions for the AMX airplanes in Afghanistan."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714230252/http://www.avionews.com/index.php?corpo=see_news_home.php&news_id=1123496&pagina_chiamante=index.php |date=14 July 2014 }} AvioNews, 3 December 2010.

In 2011, Italian AMX aircraft were employed during the 2011 military intervention in Libya. Italian military aircraft deployed 710 guided bombs and missiles during sorties: Italian Air Force Tornados and AMX fighter bombers deployed 550 bombs and missiles, while Navy AV-8Bs deployed 160 guided bombs. The conflict saw the first use by AMX aircraft of Litening targeting pods paired with Paveway and JDAM guided bombs.{{cite web |url = http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=8567271 |title = Italy Gives Bombing Stats for Libya Campaign |first = Tom |last = Kingston |publisher = Defense News |date = 14 December 2011 |access-date = 1 January 2012 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20120728162540/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=8567271 |archive-date = 28 July 2012 |url-status = dead }} In early 2016, due to the declining stability of Libya, Italy opted to station additional aircraft, including four AMX fighters, at Bassi Airbase, Trapani, Sicily.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}

In March 2012, the Philippines were reportedly holding negotiations with Italy for the possible procurement of used AMX aircraft;{{cite web | url = http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=775432&publicationSubCategoryId=63 | title = DND signs five-year agreement with Italy | work = The Philippine Star | date = 8 February 2012 | access-date = 20 February 2012 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120906174816/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=775432&publicationSubCategoryId=63 | archive-date = 6 September 2012 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }} however, on 28 March 2014, the Philippines' Department of National Defense signed a contract for 12 FA-50 light attack aircraft worth P18.9 billion (US$421.12 million).{{cite web |url=https://www.koreaaero.com/english/pr_center/cpr_view.asp?pg=1&gubun=v&seq=25777&bbs=10 |title=KAI won a contract to export 12 FA-50s to the Phil |publisher=Korea Aerospace Industries, LTD. (KAI) |date=28 March 2014 |access-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208081200/https://www.koreaaero.com/english/pr_center/cpr_view.asp?pg=1&gubun=v&seq=25777&bbs=10 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=159955|title=Korean government to sell 12 FA-50 fighter jets to Philippines|publisher=Arirang News|date=28 March 2014|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208054333/http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=159955|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}

The Italian Air Force held a retirement ceremony on 5 April 2024 at Istrana Air Base in northern Italy.

File:AMX International AMX-T, Italy - Air Force AN0326384.jpg, England, 1998]]

{{externalimage |topic= |width= |float=right

|image1=[http://cdn-www.airliners.net/aviation-photos/photos/3/9/0/1798093.jpg Head-on view of an AMX]

|image2=[http://cache.desktopnexus.com/thumbnails/1230173-bigthumbnail.jpg AMX in wrap-around camouflage]

|image3=[http://media.defenceindustrydaily.com/images/AIR_AMX_Brazil_Armed_lg.jpg Laiden AMX taking off]

|image4=[http://cdn-www.airliners.net/aviation-photos/photos/0/7/6/1201670.jpg Inside view of cockpit]

|image5=[http://cdn-www.airliners.net/aviation-photos/photos/8/6/4/1607468.jpg AMX in special colour scheme]}}

;AMX-T

In 1986, development of a two-seat advanced trainer variant was undertaken. This was intended to provide trainee pilots with experience on fast jets, while still retaining the single-seater's attack capabilities. First flying in 1990, the AMX-T equipped both the Italian and Brazilian air forces.

;AMX-ATA

The AMX Advanced Trainer Attack (AMX-ATA) is a new AMX two-seater multi-mission attack fighter developed for combat roles and advanced training. The AMX-ATA incorporates new sensors, a forward-looking infrared helmet-mounted display, a new multi-mode radar for air-to-air and air-to-surface capability, and new weapons systems including anti-ship missiles and medium-range missiles. The Venezuelan Air Force ordered eight AMX-ATA in 1999 for the advanced trainer and attack aircraft role, but the US Congress vetoed the sale because the aircraft systems include US technology.Spinelli, Andrea. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/venezuela-selects-mb339fd-and-amx-ata-combination-39344/ "Venezuela selects MB339FD and AMX ATA combination."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624032733/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/venezuela-selects-mb339fd-and-amx-ata-combination-39344/ |date=24 June 2016 }} Flight International, 15 July 1998.[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/military-aircraft-directory-amx-40212/ "Military Aircraft Directory: AMX."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624062802/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/military-aircraft-directory-amx-40212/ |date=24 June 2016 }} Flight International, 29 July 1998.

;AMX-R (RA-1)

An AMX variant designed for reconnaissance missions. Various reconnaissance pallets can be fitted; used by the Brazilian Air Force.

;A-1M

The product of a Brazilian upgrade program of their A-1s; significant features include a Mectron SCP-01 Scipio radar,{{Citation | trans-title = Embraer profits from aircraft retrofit | url = http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,embraer-lucra-com-retrofit-de-avioes,773299,0.htm | title = Embraer lucra com retrofit de aviões | language = pt | newspaper = Estadão | date = 16 September 2011 | access-date = 29 January 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110917063619/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,embraer-lucra-com-retrofit-de-avioes,773299,0.htm | archive-date = 17 September 2011 | url-status = live }}. Embraer BR2 data link, FLIR Systems navigation equipment,{{Citation | url = http://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2009/06/flir-systems-wins-7-million-contract-from-embraer.html | title = FLIR Systems wins $7 million contract from Embraer | newspaper = Military Aero Space | date = 9 June 2009 | access-date = 29 January 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131219234800/http://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2009/06/flir-systems-wins-7-million-contract-from-embraer.html | archive-date = 19 December 2013 | url-status = live }}. Elbit INS/GPS/databus, the adoption of a glass cockpit,{{Citation | trans-title = Elbit gets US$ 187 mi contract with Embraer | url = http://br.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idBRSPE4AA01G20081111 | title = Elbit consegue contrato de US$187 mi da Embraer | language = pt | work = Reuters | date = 11 November 2009 | access-date = 29 January 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034445/http://br.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idBRSPE4AA01G20081111 | archive-date = 20 December 2013 | url-status = dead }}. a new OBOGS system and HMD DASH IV.

;A-11A

Italian military designation for the AMX from 2012.{{cite web | url = http://www.dgaa.it/newsletter/newsletter60/AER-0-0-12.pdf | trans-title = Usage of the ‘Mission design series’ (MDS) designation in the technical publications (PTT) under Daa’s competence | title = Utilizzo della Nomenclatura 'Mission Design Series' (MDS) neele Pubblicazioni Tecniche (PPTT) di Competenza della Daa | publisher = Ministero Della Defesa | language = it | date = June 2011 | access-date = 22 April 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220014637/http://www.dgaa.it/newsletter/newsletter60/AER-0-0-12.pdf | archive-date = 20 December 2013 | url-status = live }}

;TA-11A

Italian military designation for the AMX-T from 2012.

;A-11B

Italian military designation for the AMX ACOL from 2012.

;TA-11B

Italian military designation for the AMX-T ACOL from 2012.

File:Brazilian Air Force AMX air-to-air refuelling.jpg

;{{BRA}}

• Brazilian Air Force operates 24 AMXs as of 2024.{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=February 13, 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032780047 |edition=1st |pages=416–420}} The fleet is planned to be phased out by 2025,{{cite web|url=https://www.aereo.jor.br/2024/08/28/crepusculo-do-amx-cinco-ate-o-final-de-2025/|website=Poder Aéreo |access-date=17 October 2024|date=28 August 2024|title=Crepúsculo do AMX: cinco até o final de 2025|language=pt}} being replaced by JAS 39E/F Gripen.{{Citation |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-air-force-confirms-gripen-acquisition-numbers-406213/ |title= Brazilian air force confirms Gripen acquisition numbers |work= Flight Global |date= 18 November 2014 |access-date= 4 May 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190427201557/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-air-force-confirms-gripen-acquisition-numbers-406213/ |archive-date= 27 April 2019 |url-status= live }}.{{cite web |work= Air recognition |url= http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/2014-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation/november-2014-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-defence-military-industry-/1303-brazil-military-could-buy-over-100-saabs-gripen-multirole-combat-aircraft.html |title= Brazilian military could buy over 100 Saab's Gripen multirole combat aircraft |date= 19 November 2014 |access-date= 4 May 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190427201554/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/2014-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation/november-2014-global-news-worldwide-world-international-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-defence-military-industry-/1303-brazil-military-could-buy-over-100-saabs-gripen-multirole-combat-aircraft.html |archive-date= 27 April 2019 |url-status= live }}
• 1 Esquadrão/16 Grupo de Aviação Esquadrão Adelphi, Santa Cruz Air Base - disbanded in December 2016 in anticipation of future reactivation with the F-39 Gripen E. Aircraft transferred to Santa Maria Air Base.{{Cite web |url=http://www.aereo.jor.br/2016/12/15/apos-desativacao-do-1o16o-fab-concentra-cacas-a1-em-santa-maria/ |title=Após desativação do 1º/16º, FAB concentra caças A-1 em Santa Maria |date=15 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808153126/http://www.aereo.jor.br/2016/12/15/apos-desativacao-do-1o16o-fab-concentra-cacas-a1-em-santa-maria/ |archive-date=8 August 2017 |url-status=live }}
• 1 Esquadrão/10 Grupo de Aviação Esquadrão Poker, Santa Maria Air Base
• 3 Esquadrão/10 Grupo de aviação Esquadrão Centauro, Santa Maria Air Base

File:Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro (São José dos Campos, Brazil) 8.jpg

• A retired Italian Air Force AMX is displayed on a pedestal in front of the Thales Alenia Space plant in Turin.{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.it/maps/place/Strada+Antica+di+Collegno,+253,+10146+Torino/@45.0820987,7.6117471,136m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x47886b7fc3ad006f:0x667334df0dc3663e|title = STR. Antica di Collegno, 253 · STR. Antica di Collegno, 253, 10146 Torino TO, Italy}}
• A retired Italian Air Force AMX (MM7125) is displayed in Italian Air Force Museum, Vigna di Valle{{Cite web | url=http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/storia/museostorico/Pagine/AMXInternational.aspx |title = AMX Ghibli | access-date=22 November 2019 }}
• Development prototype #5, (Italian Air Force MMX599) is on display at the Volandia Park and Flight Museum located in Somma Lombardo and adjacent to the Milan-Malpensa Airport{{cite web | url=http://volandia.it/velivolo/amx-ghibli/ | title = AMX GHIBLI on Volandia.it | access-date=17 March 2021 }}
• The first prototype built in Brazil is displayed on an open museum called Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro in São José dos Campos.{{Cite web |url=http://www.aeroin.net/historia-da-industria-aeronautica-brasileira-memorial-aeroespacial-brasileiro/ |title=A história da indústria aeronáutica brasileira no Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro |date=27 January 2013 |access-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009213620/http://www.aeroin.net/historia-da-industria-aeronautica-brasileira-memorial-aeroespacial-brasileiro/ |archive-date=9 October 2017 |url-status=live }}
• A decommissioned Brazilian Air Force AMX is displayed at "Praça do Avião" square, which is located close to Galeão International Airport on Governador Island in Rio de Janeiro.{{cite web | url=https://tecnodefesa.com.br/forca-aerea-coloca-amx-a-1-como-monumento-na-praca-do-aviao-rj/ | title = Força Aérea coloca AMX A-1 como monumento na Praça do Avião (RJ) | date = 14 April 2020 | access-date=23 February 2023 }}

File:AMX International AMX 3-view line drawing.png

File:AMX Air force Jet (4934654146) (2).jpg

File:M61 Vulcan italian AMX.jpg

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94,Lambert 1993, pp. 129–131. Jet BombersGunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 292.

|prime units?=met

|crew=1

|length m=13.23

|length note=

|span m=8.87

|span note=

|height m=4.55

|height note=

|wing area sqm=21

|wing area note=

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=

|empty weight kg=6700

|empty weight note=

|gross weight kg=10750

|gross weight note=

|max takeoff weight kg=13000

|max takeoff weight note=

|fuel capacity={{cvt|3555|L|USgal impgal}} / {{cvt|2700|kg|0}} internal

::::2x {{cvt|1000|L|USgal impgal}} drop tanks inboard and 2x {{cvt|500|L|USgal impgal}} drop tanks outboard[http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/amx.htm "Aeritalia-Embraer-Aermacchi AMX".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505095148/http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/amx.htm |date=5 May 2011 }} fighter-planes.com. Retrieved: 9 February 2012,

|more general=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Rolls-Royce Spey 807

|eng1 type=turbofan engine

|eng1 kn=49.1

|eng1 note=

|max speed kmh=1053

|max speed note=at {{cvt|10975|m|0}}Donald and Lake 1996, p. 31.

|max speed mach= 0.85

|cruise speed kmh=

|cruise speed note=

|stall speed kmh=

|stall speed note=

|never exceed speed kmh=

|never exceed speed note=

|range km=

|range note=

|combat range km=889

|combat range note=hi-lo-hi profile, with {{cvt|900|kg|0}} of external stores

|ferry range km=3336

|ferry range note=

|endurance=4 hours, 15 minutes[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%200805.html "Directory: Military Aircraft".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307000809/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%200805.html |date=7 March 2016 }} Flight Global, 21–25 May 2004. Retrieved: 2 February 2012.

|ceiling m=13000

|ceiling note=

|g limits=

|roll rate=

|climb rate ms=52.1

|climb rate note=

|time to altitude=

|wing loading kg/m2=512

|wing loading note=

|fuel consumption kg/km=

|thrust/weight=0.47

|more performance=

|guns=

:*1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon (Italian aircraft)

:*2× 30 mm (1.181 in) Bernardini Mk-164 cannon (Brazilian aircraft)

|missiles=2× AIM-9 Sidewinders or MAA-1 Piranha or A-Darter,[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/south-africa-brazil-to-develop-adarter-sraam-03286/ "South Africa, Brazil to Develop A-Darter SRAAM".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204093000/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/south-africa-brazil-to-develop-adarter-sraam-03286/ |date=4 February 2012 }} Defense Industry Daily, 26 April 2010. Retrieved: 29 December 2012. carried on wingtip rails

:*air-to-ground missiles

|bombs={{cvt|3800|kg|0}} on 5 external hardpoints, including MAR-1[http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,defesa-ganha-mais-espaco-na-odebrecht,703389,0.htm "Defesa ganha mais espaço na Odebrecht" (in Portuguese).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606123610/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso%2Cdefesa-ganha-mais-espaco-na-odebrecht%2C703389%2C0.htm |date=6 June 2013 }} Estadão, 8 April 2011. Retrieved: 29 January 2012. missiles, general-purpose and laser-guided bombs

|rockets= rocket pods

|avionics=

|max speed mph=654}}

• A Brazilian A-1M was lost in April 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://www.diariodecanoas.com.br/2019/04/noticias/regiao/2398551-aviao-da-fab-cai-em-viamao.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407163946/https://www.diariodecanoas.com.br/_conteudo/2019/04/noticias/regiao/2398551-aviao-da-fab-cai-em-viamao.html|url-status=dead|title=Avião da FAB cai em Viamão|archive-date=7 April 2019|website=DC}}

{{Portal|Aviation}}

{{Aircontent

|related=

|similar aircraft=

• BAE Systems Hawk
• Soko J-22 Orao

|lists=

• List of attack aircraft
• List of active Brazilian military aircraft

}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Refbegin}}

• Air International. "Italy's Black Cats." February 2015, Key Publishing. pp. 64–69.
• Braybrook, Roy. "Assessing the AMX". Air International, June 1989, Vol 36 No 6. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 267–278.
• Donald, David and Jon Lake. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: Aerospace Publishing, Single Volume Edition, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874023-95-6}}.
• Felstead, Peter. "Italian Air Force retires its AMX light attack aircraft after 35 years’ service". European Security & Defence, 5 April 2024, https://euro-sd.com/2024/04/major-news/37379/italian-air-force-retires-amx/#:~:text=On%205%20April%202024%20the,after%2035%20years%20of%20service.
• Gunston, Bill and Peter Gilchrist. Jet Bombers: From the Messerschmitt Me 262 to the Stealth B-2. Osprey, 1993. {{ISBN|1-85532-258-7}}.
• Jackson, Paul. "AMX: The 'Pocket Tornado'". World Air Power Journal. Volume 5, Spring 1991. ISSN 0959-7050. pp. 132–139.
• Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, Surry, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. {{ISBN|0-7106-1066-1}}.
• Metius, Wojtek. "AMX IOC: Service use for Italy's new agile attacker". Air International, October 1992, Vol 43 No 4. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 222–225.
• Niccoli, Ricardo. "AMX In Italian Service". Air International, June 1997, Vol 52 No 6. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 349–353.
• Niccoli, Ricardo. "AMX: Upgraded and Ready for Combat". Air International, November 2009, Vol 77 No 5. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 42–45.
• Warwick, Graham. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%203652.html "AMX design reflects Tornado experience"]. Flight International, 21 November 1981. pp. 1544–1545.

{{Refend}}

{{Commons}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120719100043/http://www.aleniaaermacchi.it/Eng/Military/Proprietari/Pages/AMX.aspx AMX page on Alenia Aermacchi]
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101227171318/http://www.vectorsite.net/avamx.html The Alenia-Aermacchi-EMBRAER AMX]}}
• [http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=464 AMX International AMX (Ghibli)]

{{Alenia aircraft}}

{{Aermacchi aircraft}}

{{Embraer}}

{{Italian military aircraft}}

{{FAB aircraft designations}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Aeritalia aircraft

Category:Macchi aircraft

Category:Embraer aircraft

Category:1980s international attack aircraft

Category:1980s Brazilian attack aircraft

Category:Brazil–Italy relations

Category:Single-engined jet aircraft

Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft

Category:Aircraft first flown in 1984

Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear