ARRA (computer)

The ARRA (for "Automatische Relais Rekenmachine Amsterdam", Automatic Relay Calculator Amsterdam) was the first Dutch computer, and was built from relays for the Dutch Mathematical Centre (Dutch: Mathematisch Centrum), which later became the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI).

It was designed and built by Carel Scholten and Bram Loopstra, and was finished in 1952. Because of reliability problems it was soon taken out of commission, and "updated" to the ARRA II, which actually was a completely new design. In December 1953, electronic{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_onrASurveyomputers1953_8778395|title=A survey of automatic digital computers|last1=Research|first1=United States Office of Naval|date=1953|publisher=Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy|page=[https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_onrASurveyomputers1953_8778395/page/n13 6]|language=en}} ARRA II performed its first programs and was completed in 1954.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3EmjBQAAQBAJ&q=%22ARRA%22+computer+1951&pg=PA26|title=Computers and Languages: Theory and Practice|last=Nijholt|first=A.|date=2014-06-28|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483299426|pages=26|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsvSBQAAQBAJ&q=ARRA+1952&pg=PA565|title=History of Computing in the Twentieth Century|last=Metropolis|first=Nicholas|date=2014-06-28|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483296685|pages=565|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdpUAAAAYAAJ&q=%22ARRA%22+random+1952|title=Zij mogen uiteraard daarbij de zuivere wiskunde niet verwaarloozen|last1=Alberts|first1=Gerard|last2=Blij|first2=F. van der|last3=Nuis|first3=J.|date=1987|publisher=Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica|isbn=9789061963202|pages=285|language=nl}}