ART-XC
{{Short description | X-ray telescope for high energy photons}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = ART-XC
(Astronomical Roentgen Telescope X-ray Concentrator)
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| mission_type = Space observatory
| operator = {{flag|Russia}}, Russian Space Research Institute
{{flag|Germany}}, German Aerospace Center
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| mission_duration = ≈ 7 years; until late 2026 to early 2027 (planned)
| spacecraft = Spektr-RG
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| manufacturer = Russian Space Research Institute and All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Experimental Physics
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| launch_date = 13 July 2019, 12:31 UTC
| launch_rocket = Proton-M
| launch_site = Baikonur 45/1| launch_contractor =
| orbit_reference = Second Lagrange point (L2)
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| telescope_name = ART-XC
| telescope_type = Wolter-I
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| telescope_wavelength = X-rays
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The Astronomical Roentgen Telescope X-ray Concentrator (ART-XC) is an X-ray telescope with a grazing incidence mirror that is capable of capturing high energy X-ray photons within the 5-30 keV energy range. This telescope is one of the two X-ray telescopes on the Spektr-RG (SRG) mission. The other telescope that SRG carries is eROSITA. The observatory was launched on 13 July 2019 via a Proton rocket from the Russian launch site Baikonur in Kazakhstan.
Overview
ART-XC was developed by the Space Research Institute (IKI) and the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Experimental Physics (VNIIEF). The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed and fabricated flight models of the X-ray mirror systems.{{cite web |url=http://srg.iki.rssi.ru/?page_id=66|title=ART-XC homepage}}{{cite web |url=https://wwwastro.msfc.nasa.gov/artxc/|title=MSFC ART-XC page}} The ART-XC telescope consists of 7 identical mirror modules each made with 28 nickel-cobalt grazing-incidence mirrors. The mirror design is Wolter-I and is coated with iridium. Each module also has its own cadmium-tellurium double-sided strip detector. The typical on-axis half-power diameter of ART-XC is 27 to 34 arcsec, while the effective area of each module is 65 cm2 (both were estimated at 8 keV). The field of view for each module is about 36′ in diameter.
ART-XC will survey the entire sky every six months, and the planned all-sky survey will be completed in the first four years of the mission.{{cite book |last1=Pavlinsky |first1=M. |last2=Levin |first2=V. |last3=Akimov |first3=V. |last4=Krivchenko |first4=A. |last5=Rotin |first5=A. |last6=Kuznetsova |first6=M. |last7=Lapshov |first7=I. |last8=Tkachenko |first8=A. |last9=Krivonos |first9=R. |last10=Semena |first10=N. |last11=Buntov |first11=M. |last12=Glushenko |first12=A. |last13=Arefiev |first13=V. |last14=Yaskovich |first14=A. |last15=Grebenev |first15=S. |last16=Sazonov |first16=S. |last17=Lutovinov |first17=A. |last18=Molkov |first18=S. |last19=Serbinov |first19=D. |last20=Kudelin |first20=M. |last21=Drozdova |first21=T. |last22=Voronkov |first22=S. |last23=Sunyaev |first23=R. |last24=Churazov |first24=E. |last25=Gilfanov |first25=M. |last26=Ramsey |first26=B. |last27=O'Dell |first27=S. L. |last28=Kolodziejczak |first28=J. |last29=Zavlin |first29=V. |last30=Swartz |first30=D. |title=Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray |chapter=ART-XC / SRG overview |editor-first1=Shouleh |editor-first2=Kazuhiro |editor-first3=Jan-Willem A. |editor-last1=Nikzad |editor-last2=Nakazawa |editor-last3=Den Herder |volume=10699 |pages=106991Y |doi=10.1117/12.2312053 |date=1 July 2018|bibcode=2018SPIE10699E..1YP |isbn=9781510619517 |s2cid=126365842 }}{{cite journal |last1=Krivonos |first1=R. |last2=Tkachenko |first2=A. |last3=Burenin |first3=R. |last4=Filippova |first4=E. |last5=Lapshov |first5=I. |last6=Mereminskiy |first6=I. |last7=Molkov |first7=S. |last8=Pavlinsky |first8=M. |last9=Sazonov |first9=S. |last10=Gubarev |first10=M. |last11=Kolodziejczak |first11=J. |last12=O'Dell |first12=S. L. |last13=Swartz |first13=D. |last14=Zavlin |first14=Vyacheslav E. |last15=Ramsey |first15=B. D. |title=Calibration of the ART-XC mirror modules at MSFC |journal=Experimental Astronomy |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.1007/s10686-017-9555-0 |date=October 2017|arxiv=1708.09783 |bibcode=2017ExA....44..147K |s2cid=254501459 }}{{cite journal |last1=Mereminskiy |first1=I. A. |last2=Filippova |first2=E. V. |last3=Burenin |first3=R. A. |last4=Sazonov |first4=S. Yu. |last5=Pavlinsky |first5=M. N. |last6=Tkachenko |first6=A. Yu. |last7=Lapshov |first7=I. Yu. |last8=Shtykovskiy |first8=A. E. |last9=Krivonos |first9=R. A. |title=A Deep Extragalactic Survey with the ART-XC Telescope of the Spectrum-RG Observatory: Simulations and Expected Results |journal=Astronomy Letters |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=67–80 |doi=10.1134/S1063773718020044 |date=1 February 2018|bibcode=2018AstL...44...67M |s2cid=255203199 }}
First light
Roscosmos published the first light image of ART-XC, which was taken on July 30, 2019. The image shows the source Centaurus X-3 imaged with the 7 telescopes, as well as the light curve of the pulsar folded at its pulse period of 4.8s.{{Cite web|url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/26624/|title=Новости. Первый свет обсерватории "Спектр-РГ"|website=www.roscosmos.ru|access-date=2019-08-05}}
Instruments
| class="wikitable
|+Instruments on the Spektr-RG observatory | ||
| eROSITA[http://www.mpe.mpg.de/455799/instrument eROSITA Technical Performance]. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics. Accessed on 14 June 2019. | ART-XC{{cite web|title=ART-XC ON SRG|url=https://wwwastro.msfc.nasa.gov/artxc/docs/observatory.html|publisher=NASA|access-date=December 11, 2022}} | |
|---|---|---|
| Organisation | Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics | IKI / VNIIEF |
| Telescope type | Wolter | Wolter |
| Wavelength | X-ray | X-ray |
| Mass | 810 kg | 350 kg |
| Sensitivity range | 0.3 - 10 keV | 6 - 30 keV |
| View angle | 1 degree | 30 arcminutes |
| Angular resolution | 15 arcseconds | 45 arcseconds |
| Sensor area | 2,400 cm2/ 1 keV | 450 cm2/ 8 keV |