ASCI White

{{short description|Former supercomputer in the United States}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2014}}

{{More citations needed|date=May 2014}}

ASCI White was a supercomputer at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, which was briefly the fastest supercomputer in the world.{{cite web |title=No. 1 system from November 2000 to November 2001 |url=https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/asci-white-lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory/ |publisher=top500.org |accessdate=22 May 2019}}

File:ASCIWhite01.jpg

It was a computer cluster based on IBM's commercial IBM RS/6000 SP computer. 512 nodes were interconnected for ASCI White, with each node containing sixteen 375{{nbsp}}MHz IBM POWER3-II processors. In total, the ASCI White had 8,192 processors, 6{{nbsp}}terabytes (TB) of memory, and 160{{nbsp}}TB of disk storage. It was almost exclusively used for large-scale computations requiring dozens, hundreds, or thousands of processors. The computer weighed 106{{nbsp}}tons and consumed 3{{nbsp}}MW of electricity with a further 3{{nbsp}}MW needed for cooling. It had a theoretical processing speed of 12.3{{nbsp}}teraFLOPS (TFLOPS). A single modern{{When|date=November 2023}} 4U rackmount server could match these specifications while weighing under 50 kg and consuming under 2 kW of power. The system ran IBM's AIX operating system.

ASCI White was made up of three individual systems, the 512-node White, the 28-node Ice and the 68-node Frost.

The system was built in Poughkeepsie, New York. Completed in June 2000 it was transported to specially built facilities in California and officially dedicated on August 15, 2001.{{Cite web|url=http://computation.llnl.gov/casc/sc2001_fliers/ASCI_White/ASCI_White01.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111101755/http://computation.llnl.gov/casc/sc2001_fliers/ASCI_White/ASCI_White01.html|url-status=dead|title=The World's Fastest Computer - Meeting the Challenge of Stockpile Stewardship|archivedate=November 11, 2014}} Its peak performance of 12.3{{nbsp}}TFLOPS was not achieved in the widely accepted LINPACK tests. The system cost US$110 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|110|2000}} million in {{Inflation/year|US}}).

It was built as stage three of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) started by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Nuclear Security Administration to build a simulator to replace live nuclear weapons testing following the moratorium imposed by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty started by President George H. W. Bush in 1992 and extended by Bill Clinton in 1993.

The machine was decommissioned on July 27, 2006. {{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}