ASTM A325
{{Short description|ASTM standard}}
ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from {{convert|1/2|to|1+1/2|in}} in diameter.{{Citation | title = ASTM A325 - 09 | url = http://www.astm.org/Standards/A325.htm | accessdate = 2009-06-13}}.
The equivalent metric standard is ASTM A325M, which is titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for sizes M12–36.{{Citation | title = ASTM A325M - 09 | url = http://www.astm.org/Standards/A325M.htm | accessdate = 2009-06-13}}.
This is a standard set by the standards organization ASTM International, a voluntary standards development organizations that sets technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services.
In 2016, ASTM officially withdrew specification A325 and replaced it with ASTM F3125.{{cite web |url=https://www.a325bolts.com/ |title=A325 Structural Bolts |publisher=Portland Bolt |accessdate=2019-01-18}} To minimize confusion, bolt head markings are unchanged and the designation A325 is retained as a grade name within the new standard.{{cite journal |url=https://www.structuremag.org/?p=9252 |title=New Twists and Turns |last=Shaw |first=Robert E. Jr. |journal=STRUCTURE Magazine |date=Nov 2015}} In 1951, A325 bolts were recognized as equivalent to a hot driven ASTM A141 rivet.{{citation |url=https://www.aisc.org/products/publication/historic-standards/specifications-for-assembly-of-structural-joints-using-high-tensile-steel-bolts---january-1951/ |title=Specifications for Assembly of Structural Joints Using High Tensile Steel Bolts |publisher=American Institute of Steel Construction |date=Jan 1951
|author=Research Council on Structural Connections |author-link=Research Council on Structural Connections}}
Types
The type refers to the type of material used to make the bolt. The standard currently defines two types, however it previously defined the following three:{{Cite web |title=ASTM A325 - Portland Bolt |url=http://www.portlandbolt.com/technicalinformation/astm/ASTM_A325.html |accessdate=2009-06-13}}.
- Type 1: Medium carbon steel, boron steel, or medium carbon alloy steel
- Type 2: Low carbon martensitic steel{{Citation | title = ASTM, SAE and ISO grade markings and mechanical properties for steel fasteners | url = http://www.americanfastener.com/technical/grade_markings_steel.asp | accessdate = 2009-06-06}}. (withdrawn from the standard in 1991)
- Type 3: Weathering steel
There is also a T version, which is used to refer to fully threaded bolts.
Note that independent of the material the bolt is quenched and tempered.
Connection types
Mechanical properties
= Mechanical properties, imperial =
These types of bolts are designed to be tightened to near their proof strength, in order to create significant bolt tension. The standard states that the bolts must be tightened to at least 70% of the tensile yield strength. These bolts use the same material as their common cousins (ASTM F568M for metric bolts), but have a thicker and wider head to more effectively distribute the load. This modified geometry is often referred to as heavy hex geometry. Nuts must meet ASTM A563, which also uses heavy hex geometry.{{cite book |last1=Kulak |first1=Geoffrey L. |url=http://www.boltcouncil.org/files/2ndEditionGuide.pdf |title=Guide to Design Criteria for Bolted and Riveted Joints |edition=2nd |publisher=American Institute of Steel Construction |year=2001 |pages=37 |isbn=978-1564240750}} Dimensions of heavy hex geometry are per document ANSI/ASME B18.2.6, which uses "coarse" threads as defined by Unified Thread Standard.
ASTM 325 bolts can be considered equivalent to Grade 8.8 bolts according to ASTM F568M.{{Citation needed |date=January 2019}}
For a higher strength version of this type of bolt, see ASTM A490.
| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+Head markings and mechanical properties for imperial sizes !Head marking !Grade !Nominal size range [in] !Proof strength [ksi] !Yield strength (min) [ksi] !Tensile strength (min) [ksi] !Core hardness |
| rowspan="2" |75x75пкс or 75x75пкс | rowspan="2" |Type 1 |{{Frac|1|2}}–1 (inc.) |85 |92 |120 |C24–35 |
| 1–{{Frac|1|1|2}}
|74 |81 |105 |C19–31 |
| 74x74пкс
|Type 2 |{{Frac|1|2}}–1 |85 |92 |120 |C24–35 |
| rowspan="2" |75x75пксOther markings may be used to denote atmospheric corrosion resistant material
| rowspan="2" |Type 3 |{{Frac|1|2}}–1 |85 |92 |120 |C24–35 |
| 1–{{Frac|1|1|2}}
|74 |81 |105 |C19–31 |
= Mechanical properties, metric =
| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+Head markings and mechanical properties for metric sizes{{Cite web |title=Metric structural fasteners |url=http://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/~sdesign1/Text/fasteners_si.html |publisher=University of Iowa |accessdate=2009-06-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19990421064802/http://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/%7Esdesign1/Text/fasteners_si.html |archive-date=1999-04-21 |url-status=dead}}. | ||||||
| Head marking | Grade | Nominal size range
[mm] ! Proof strength [MPa] ! Yield strength (min) [MPa] ! Tensile strength (min) [MPa] ! Core hardness [Rockwell] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 83x83px | | Type 1 | rowspan=3 | 12–36 | rowspan=3 | 600 | rowspan=3 | 660 | rowspan=3 | 830 | rowspan=3 | C23–34 |
| 83x83px | Type 2 | |||||
| 83x83px | Type 3 |
