AVE

{{About|the high-speed rail service|the Roman salutation|Ave|other uses}}

{{Infobox rail company

| name = AVE

| image = Trenes.jpg

| franchise =

| logo = Renfe AVE 2022.svg

| nameforarea = station

| abbr =

| regions = Madrid Atocha, Barcelona Sants, Seville-Santa Justa, Zaragoza–Delicias

| secregions = Madrid Chamartín, Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla, Málaga-María Zambrano, Granada, Alicante Terminal, Valladolid-Campo Grande, A Coruña-San Cristóbal, Santiago de Compostela railway station, Ourense, Córdoba

| fleet = 22 S-100{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes/s-100 |title=S-100 |access-date=18 June 2024 |publisher=Renfe}}
16 S-102{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes/s-102-112 |title=S-102/112 |access-date=18 June 2024 |publisher=Renfe}}
26 S-103{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes/s-103 |title=S-103 |access-date=18 June 2024 |publisher=Renfe}}
20 S-106{{cite web|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/comunicacion/renfe-al-dia/sala-de-prensa/renfe-pone-circulacion-s106-incremento-14400-plazas-para-servicios-avlo-circulan-madrid-aragon-cataluna-comunitat-valenciana-murcia |title=Renfe pone en circulación los S-106 con un incremento de 14.400 plazas para los servicios Avlo que circulan entre Madrid, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana y Murcia |date=26 April 2024 |publisher=Renfe |language=es |access-date=18 June 2024 }}
25 S-112{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes |title=Flota de trenes |access-date=18 June 2024 |publisher=Renfe}}

| stations = 52

| length = {{convert|3,966|km|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/red-ferroviaria/red-de-alta-velocidad|title=Red de Alta Velocidad|publisher=ADIF |access-date=7 May 2023}}

| parent_company = Renfe

| website = https://www.renfe.com

| gauge = Standard (1435 mm)

| old_gauge =

| el = 25 kV AC (some sections on 3 kV DC network)

| map =

}}

Alta Velocidad Española (AVE){{efn|Spanish pronunciation:

:{{IPA|es|ˈalta βeloθiˈðað espaˈɲola|}}, {{IPA|es|ˈaβe|}}}} is a high-speed rail service operated by Renfe, the Spanish State railway company.

The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.

In addition to Renfe's use of the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias-managed rail infrastructure in Spain, Renfe offers two AVE services partially in France, connecting respectively Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20230713/renfe-empieza-operar-francia-ave-entre-barcelona-lyon-este-jueves/2451868.shtml|website=rtve.es|title= Renfe empieza a operar en Francia con un AVE entre Barcelona y Lyon|date=13 July 2023}}

{{lang|es|Alta Velocidad Española}} translates to "Spanish High Speed", but the initials are also a play on the word {{lang|es|ave}}, meaning "bird". AVE trains operate at speeds of up to {{Cvt|300|km/h|4=0}}.{{cite news |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/madrid-barcelona-at-310-kmh-with-etcs-level-2.html |title=Madrid — Barcelona at 310 km/h with ETCS Level 2 |date=18 October 2011 |work=Railway Gazette International |access-date=9 November 2011 | location = London }}[https://www.geotren.es/blog/velocidades-maximas-de-los-trenes-y-de-las-lineas/ "Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas"] (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 7 May 2023.

Services

{{As of|2024}} Renfe offers the following AVE services:{{cite web |url=http://www.renfe.com |title=Renfe |access-date=7 May 2023 |publisher=Renfe}}

Alicante–León via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín, Valladolid and Palencia.
Alicante–Ourense via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Zamora.
Barcelona–Granada via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Antequera.
Barcelona–Málaga via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera.
Barcelona–Seville via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Burgos–Murcia via Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Elche and Orihuela.
Gijón–Castellón via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia and Sagunto.
Gijón–Vinaros, via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia, Sagunto, Castellón, Benicàssim, Oropesa del Mar and Benicarló (only in summertime).
Huesca–Seville via Tardienta, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha and Córdoba
Madrid–A Coruña via Zamora, Ourense and Santiago De Compostela.
Madrid–Alicante via Cuenca, Albacete, and Villena (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, and Tarragona (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Castellón via Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia.
Madrid–Figueres via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona (trains are scheduled with selective stops).
Madrid–Gijón via Valladolid, Palencia, León and Oviedo.
Madrid–Granada via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, Antequera and Loja (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Huesca via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, and Tardienta.
Madrid–León via Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia.
Madrid–Málaga via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Murcia via Elche and Orihuela (some trains are arriving to Alicante and then reversing towards Murcia).
Madrid–Ourense via Zamora.
Madrid–Seville via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Madrid–Valencia via Cuenca and Requena-Utiel (non stop trains are also scheduled).
Madrid–Vigo via Zamora, Sanabria, A Gudiña, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Vilagarcía de Arousa and Pontevedra (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Málaga–Murcia via Madrid-Puerta de Atocha, Cuenca, Albacete, Villena, Alicante, Elche and Orihuela.
Valencia–Burgos via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Valladolid (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Valencia–León via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid-Chamartín, Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia (trains with selective stops are also scheduled).
Valencia–Seville via Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba.
International:{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/en/renfe-group/communication/renfe-today/press-room/renfe-places-ave-high-speed-tickets-sale-france |title=Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France |date=21 June 2023|access-date=21 August 2023 |publisher=Renfe}}
Barcelona–Lyon via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Montpellier, Nîmes, and Valence.
Madrid–Marseille via Guadalajara, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Barcelona, Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Montpellier, Nîmes, Avignon and Aix-en-Provence.

The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's Puerta de Atocha, except for the Madrid–Asturias, Madrid–Burgos, Madrid–Galicia and Madrid–Alicante lines as well as the majority of the services on the Madrid-Murcia and Madrid-Valencia lines, that terminate at Chamartín station.{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/comunicacion/renfe-al-dia/sala-de-prensa/renfe-reorganiza-oferta-servicios-ave-madrid-alicante-tras-traslado-cabecera-puerta-atocha-chamartin-clara-campoamor |title=Renfe reorganiza la oferta de los servicios AVE Madrid-Alicante tras el traslado de la cabecera de Puerta de Atocha a Chamartín Clara Campoamor |date=19 August 2022|access-date=23 August 2022 |publisher=Renfe|language=es}}{{cite web |url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/comunicacion/renfe-al-dia/sala-de-prensa/el-ave-madrid-murcia-comenzara-el-servicio-comercial-el-veinte-de-diciembre |title=El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre | date=12 December 2022|access-date=20 December 2022 |publisher=Renfe}}

Trains

Currently, there are several series of high-speed trains that run the AVE service:

S-100, manufactured by Alstom, based on the TGV family trains.
S-102, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier, marketed globally as Talgo 350.
S-103, manufactured by Siemens, marketed globally under the brand Siemens Velaro.
S-106, manufactured by Talgo, marketed globally as Talgo AVRIL.
S-112, manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier, an improved version of the S-102 with a different seat layout.

File:AVE in spain.jpg|A Talgo 350 train (Renfe Class 102) at Madrid Atocha station.

File:Talgo 350.jpg|AVE train Talgo 350 (Renfe Class 102)

File:AVE a Lleida.jpg|Talgo 350 train (Renfe Class 102) at Lleida Pirineus station

File:Renfe clase 100.JPG|AVE "Alstom" (Renfe Class 100) trainset at Córdoba.

File:RENFE AVE Velaro 2013.jpg|A RENFE AVE S-103 (Siemens Velaro E) at Figueres Vilafant railway station in 2013.

File:Serie 106 de Renfe.jpg|AVE Talgo Avril train (Renfe Class 106).

Passenger usage

The still-growing network transported a record 39.0 million passengers in 2024.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=49359|title=Transport. Total passengers by type, transport means used (ground, air and maritime) and distance. |website=ine.es|access-date=10 February 2025}} Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea.

rowspan="2" {{vert header\|2000s}} !						2006	2007	2008	2009
class="wikitable"
style="background: #cccccc; \|+AVE passengers in millions from 2006 to 2024{{Cite web \|last= \|title=High Speed: Open access comes to Spain \|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article \|access-date=2024-10-24 \|website=Railway Gazette International \|language=en}}{{Cite web \|title=Spain: high-speed rail passenger traffic 2022 \|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1265733/passenger-traffic-high-speed-rail-spain/ \|access-date=2023-12-24 \|website=Statista \|language=en}}
\|						4.878	5.559	11.461	11.250
rowspan="2" {{vert header\|2010s}} ! 2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
10.851	12.563	12.101	14.697	17.967	19.428	20.352	21.108	21.332	22.370
rowspan="2" {{vert header\|2020s}} ! 2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029
\| 7.603	12,282	23,562	31,784	39,019

{{Graph:Chart | type=rect |width = 500 |yGrid=

| y =4.878, 5.559, 11.461, 11.250, 10.851, 12.563, 12.101, 14.697, 17.967, 19.428, 20.352, 21.108, 21.332, 22.370

| yAxisTitle = Passengers (millions)

| xAxisTitle = Year | xAxisAngle=-60

| x = 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

}}

=Rail infrastructure in Spain and Europe=

Notes

References

External links

[http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/larga_distancia/productos/index.html AVE (Renfe)]

{{Navboxes

|title=Articles related to AVE (Alta Velocidad Española)

|list=

}}

Category:AVE high-speed trains

Category:Renfe

Category:High-speed rail in Spain