A type Adelaide tram

{{Short description|Class of 20th-century tram in Adelaide}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}

{{Use Australian English|date=March 2022}}

{{about|a class of tram that first ran on the street tramways of Adelaide, South Australia in 1909|an overview of the city's tram types|Tram types in Adelaide}}

{{Infobox tram

|name = A type

|image = Adelaide Type A tram number 1 as restored to its 1909 condition, March 2009.jpg

|caption = A1 at the Tramway Museum, St Kilda in 2009

|manufacturer = Duncan & Fraser

|assembly = Adelaide

|constructed = 1908/09

|numberbuilt = 70

|numberservice=

|fleetnumbers = 1-30, 61-100

|depots =

|designer =

|predecessor =

|successor =

|carlength = 10.19 metres

|width = 2.69 metres

|height = 3.35 metres

|wheeldiameter =

|wheelbase =

|weight = 10.9 tonnes

|capacity = 40

|acceleration =

|deceleration =

|doors =

|lowfloor =

|traction motors = 2 x 33hp Westinghouse

|axleload =

|powersupply =

|collectionmethod = Trolley pole

|electricsystem =

|wheels driven =

|steep gradient =

|bogies = JG Brill Company 21E

|minimum curve =

|gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}}}}

The A type Adelaide tram was a class of 70 drop-end combination trams built to a "Californian" design by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide in 1908/09 for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT). They were used on tram lines to Kensington, Marryatville, Maylands, Payneham, Wakerville, North Adelaide, Parkside, Unley and Hyde Park. In later years they were cascaded to quieter services to Croydon and the isolated Port Adelaide network.{{cite book|title=Destination Paradise|date=1975|publisher=Australian Electric Traction Association|location=Sydney|page=13}}"Adelaide's Toastrack Trams" Trolley Wire issue 258 August 1994 pages 3, 8.[http://www.trammuseumadelaide.com/413552654 A type tram 1 (1908)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104084132/http://www.trammuseumadelaide.com/413552654 |date=4 November 2017 }} Tramway Museum, St Kilda

Their California combination description encompassed their combination of a central saloon compartment and open cross-bench seating at each end; a design that had proved popular in California, with its climate similar to Adelaide's.

When the MTT introduced an alphabetical classification system in 1923, they were designated A type. Many were retired in the 1930s, but most returned to service during World War II operating in coupled pairs to conserve manpower. These were nicknamed Bib & Bubs after comic characters created by children's author May Gibbs. The remaining examples were withdrawn in 1952.

They were never fitted with air brakes, instead using handbrakes for normal stops and magnetic track brakes for emergencies. All 70 were originally fitted with Brill Winner style (tip-over) seats in the saloon section; in 1937 20 cars swapped their seats with Hale & Kilburn fixed rattan seats from 20 C type trams.

Numbers 10, 69 and 92 were sold to the State Electricity Commission of Victoria and placed in service in Ballarat as numbers 21, 23, and 22. The former remained in service until the system closed in 1971.[http://www.trammuseumadelaide.com/413552648 Ballarat tram 21 (1909)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019204921/http://www.trammuseumadelaide.com/413552648 |date=19 October 2017 }} Tramway Museum, St Kilda