Abaá

{{Short description|Type of longhouse in Equatorial Guinea}}

File:Abaá.jpg municipality, Añisok district, Wele-Nzas province).]]

An abaá or abahá{{Cite journal|url=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/cauce/31/art_11.pdf|title=Acercamiento al "espaguifrancés", el español funcional de Guinea Ecuatorial|last=Mohamadou|first=A.|date=2008|journal=Revista Internacional de Filología y su Didáctica|issue=31|access-date=2021-02-21|language=es}} (from the Fang language, abáá 'house of the word') is a longhouse located in cities and towns of Equatorial Guinea, especially those of the Fang ethnic group. The abaá has an official, religious and leisure function; In it, activities of all kinds are carried out, cooking, celebrating and men meet to make relevant decisions for the entire community. It is considered a symbolic place of unity and solidarity, and the supreme traditional head of the abaá is called "abbá".{{Cite journal|url=https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/9471/1/T30247.pdf|title=La creación semántica y léxica en el español de Guinea Ecuatorial|last=Nguen Djo Tiogang|first=I.|date=2007|journal=Universidad Complutense de Madrid|access-date=2021-02-21|isbn=978-84-692-5060-0|language=es}}

Formerly, in the center of the house a sacred column, decorated with reliefs called àbòm-àbàà,{{Cite web|url=http://tesauros.mecd.es/tesauros/bienesculturales/1191713.html|title=Àbòm-àbàà|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Tesauros: Diccionarios del patrimonio cultural de España|language=es}} used to be placed. The abaá was located at both ends of the town to act as a guard house; the alarm was raised with a drum (hollow trunk) called 'nkúú that according to the rhythm of the touches could communicate complex messages, and could even be heard from neighboring towns, transmitting information from one side of the valley to the other.{{Cite journal|url=http://www.africafundacion.org/IMG/pdf/ARANZADI_Marco_espacio.pdf|title=El marco espacio-temporal en el pensamiento africano, como sustento de la oralidad en las culturas musicales de Guinea Ecuatorial|last=De Aranzadi|first=I.|date=2013|journal=Oráfrica, revista de oralidad africana|issue=9|pages=65–95|access-date=2021-02-21|issn=1699-1788|language=es}} Today, these practices are less and less common, and the abaá is built in the center of the town. The construction and maintenance of the abaá are also done in common.Aranzadi (2014), pág. 229

The Fang, also called Betí, Pahouin, Pangwe or Pamue,{{Cite book|url=http://portal.uned.es/Publicaciones/htdocs/pdf.jsp?articulo=7002402GR02A01|title=Perspectivas antropológicas sobre guinea ecuatorial|last1=Aranzadi Martínez|first1=J.|last2=Moreno Feliú|first2=Paz|date=2014|publisher=Editorial UNED|chapter=LA FAMILIA FANG: VENTAJAS E INCONVENIENTES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA SOCIEDAD DEMOCRÁTICA |access-date=2021-02-21|page=219|language=es}} are one of the majority ethnic groups in the country. Fang women are not allowed to enter the abaá, unless they serve food or testify in litigation.{{Cite book|last1=Aranzadi Martínez|first1=J. R.|title=Guinea Ecuatorial (des)conocida: Lo que sabemos, ignoramos, inventamos y deformamos acerca de su pasado y su presente|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05QXEAAAQBAJ|access-date=2021-02-21|year=2021|publisher=Editorial UNED|isbn=9788436276572|last2=Álvarez Chillida|first2=G.|language=es}}

The word "abaá" is one of the thirty of Equatorial Guinean origin in the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy. They were incorporated into it in 2013, which defines the abaá as a "communal house". The other ethnic groups in the country have equivalent communal centers. They are known as mwebe in Ndowé, mpa in Bisío, riebapuá or wedja bohôté in Bubi and vidyil in Fá d'Ambó. In Spanish it is frequently called "House of the Word", a name that spread during colonial times.