Abortion in Oklahoma
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{{use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Update|part=Abortion in Oklahoma post-Oklahoma Call for Reproductive Justice v. Drummond (2023)|date=March 2023}}
Abortion in Oklahoma is illegal{{Cite web |title=SB 918 - Bill Information |url=http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB918&Session=2100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529235311/www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB918&Session=2100 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.oklegislature.gov}}{{Cite web |title=SB 612 - Bill Information |url=http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB612&Session=2200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627230116/www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB612&Session=2200 |archive-date=2024-06-27 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.oklegislature.gov}} unless the abortion is necessary to save the life of a pregnant individual.
Oklahoma banned abortion in 1910{{Cite web |last=Oklahoma State Legislature |title=Section 21-861. Procuring an abortion. |url=http://www.oklegislature.gov/osStatuesTitle.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730180410/www.oklegislature.gov/osStatuesTitle.aspx |archive-date=2024-07-30 |page=254}} and it remained banned until the United States' Supreme Court 1973 decision Roe v. Wade. Oklahoma became the first state in the United States to institute a ban on abortion from fertilisation post-Roe v. Wade in May 2022, two months before the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the case in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. In March 2023, the Oklahoma Supreme Court found the Oklahoma Constitution's provisions guaranteeing due process and a right to life guaranteed a limited right to an abortion when there is reasonable certainty pregnancy threatens a pregnant individual's life.
The 2023 American Values Atlas reported that, in their most recent survey, 56% of Oklahomans said that abortion should be legal in all or most cases.{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=Abortion Views in All 50 States: Findings from PRRI's 2023 American Values Atlas {{!}} PRRI |url=https://www.prri.org/research/abortion-views-in-all-50-states-findings-from-prris-2023-american-values-atlas/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PRRI {{!}} At the intersection of religion, values, and public life. |language=en-US}}
History
=History of access to legal abortion=
==Prior to ''Roe''==
{{expand section|date=October 2024}}
Oklahoma passed a law in 1910 that made "anyone who caused a woman to miscarry her baby guilty of a felony."{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Lauren |title=Oklahoma full abortion ban harkens back over 100 years |url=https://www.normantranscript.com/news/oklahoma-full-abortion-ban-harkens-back-over-100-years/article_e697a314-ec2b-11ec-b631-5b12b37e356f.html |access-date=2023-03-23 |work=The Norman Transcript |date=June 14, 2022 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323015959/https://www.normantranscript.com/news/oklahoma-full-abortion-ban-harkens-back-over-100-years/article_e697a314-ec2b-11ec-b631-5b12b37e356f.html |url-status=live}}
==''Roe'' era==
The US Supreme Court's decision in 1973's Roe v. Wade ruling meant the state could no longer regulate abortion in the first trimester.{{Cite journal|last=Buell|first=Samuel|date=1991-01-01|title=Criminal Abortion Revisited|url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/2174|journal=New York University Law Review|volume=66|issue=6|pages=1774–1831|pmid=11652642|access-date=2019-05-29|archive-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621092551/https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/2174/|url-status=live}}
The state passed a law in the 2000s banning abortions after 22 weeks because legislators alleged that a fetus could feel pain.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/18/us/politics/abortion-restrictions.html|title=Abortion Restrictions in States|last=Times|first=The New York|website=archive.nytimes.com|access-date=May 25, 2019|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612212126/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/18/us/politics/abortion-restrictions.html|url-status=live}}
The state was one of 23 states in 2007 to have a detailed abortion-specific informed consent requirement.{{Cite web|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/graphics/gpr1004/gpr100406t1.pdf|title=State Policy On Informed Consent for Abortion|date=Fall 2007|website=Guttmacher Policy Review|access-date=May 22, 2019|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615224552/https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/graphics/gpr1004/gpr100406t1.pdf|url-status=live}} The law required that materials be created by the Oklahoma State Department of Health.{{Cite web|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2006/10/misinformed-consent-medical-accuracy-state-developed-abortion-counseling-materials|title=Misinformed Consent: The Medical Accuracy of State-Developed Abortion Counseling Materials|date=2006-10-25|website=Guttmacher Institute|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=2019-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516194136/https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2006/10/misinformed-consent-medical-accuracy-state-developed-abortion-counseling-materials|url-status=live}} The informed consent materials were required by statute to be given to women and used graphic and inflammatory language. The law also required the woman to be told how far advanced her pregnancy was. Oklahoma law required that women seeking abortions after 20 weeks be verbally informed that the fetus may feel pain during the abortion procedure, despite a Journal of the American Medical Association conclusion that pain sensors do not develop in the fetus until between weeks 23 and 30. Informed consent materials about fetal pain at 20 weeks stated "the unborn child has the physical structures necessary to experience pain." In contrast, The Journal of the American Medical Association has concluded that pain sensors do not develop in the fetus until 23–30 weeks.{{Cite web|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2007/11/state-abortion-counseling-policies-and-fundamental-principles-informed-consent|title=State Abortion Counseling Policies and the Fundamental Principles of Informed Consent|date=2007-11-12|website=Guttmacher Institute|access-date=May 22, 2019|archive-date=2019-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401083236/https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2007/11/state-abortion-counseling-policies-and-fundamental-principles-informed-consent|url-status=live}} It should be stated that some research does agree with the principle of the law, including findings of the Journal of Medical Ethics, more recent evidence calls into question the necessity of the cortex for pain and demonstrating functional thalamic connectivity into the subplate is used to argue that the neuroscience cannot definitively rule out fetal pain before 24 weeks.{{cite journal | url=https://jme.bmj.com/content/46/1/3 | pmid=31937669 | date=2020 | last1=Derbyshire | first1=S. W. | last2=Bockmann | first2=J. C. | title=Reconsidering fetal pain | journal=Journal of Medical Ethics | volume=46 | issue=1 | pages=3–6 | doi=10.1136/medethics-2019-105701 }}
A 2009 Oklahoma law, overturned by a federal court in 2010, would have required doctors to report information from a 37-question form about every woman receiving an abortion to the state health department for publication in an online registry.{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/oklahoma-abortion-law-declared-unconstitutional-single-subject-rule/story?id=9891050|title=Okla. Strikes Down Law That Would Have 'Undressed' Women|last=Donaldson James|first=Susan|date=February 19, 2010|work=ABC News|access-date=October 8, 2013|archive-date=June 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624223721/http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/oklahoma-abortion-law-declared-unconstitutional-single-subject-rule/story?id=9891050|url-status=live}} A lawyer for the Center for Reproductive Rights, a co-plaintiff in the lawsuit challenging the law, said the law would have made public potentially identifying details about women, and was intended to dissuade women from seeking abortions.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6370300/Oklahoma-abortion-law-to-force-women-to-list-personal-details-online.html|title=Oklahoma abortion law to force women to list personal details online|date=October 19, 2009|work=Daily Telegraph|access-date=October 8, 2013|archive-date=December 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231072759/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6370300/Oklahoma-abortion-law-to-force-women-to-list-personal-details-online.html|url-status=live}} Todd Lamb, who sponsored the law as a state senator, called it "essential in protecting the sanctity of life" and "pro-life". A fetal heartbeat bill (SB 1274) was signed into law by then-Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin in April 2012 that required an abortion provider to offer a woman the opportunity to hear the conceptus's heartbeat before ending the pregnancy and applied when the conceptus was at least eight weeks old. The bill took effect in November 2012.{{Cite news|url=https://newsok.com/article/3670496/oklahoma-governor-signs-fetal-heartbeat-bill/|title=Oklahoma governor signs fetal heartbeat bill|date=April 28, 2012|work=NewsOK.com|access-date=March 4, 2019|archive-date=May 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524083635/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/state/2012/04/28/oklahoma-governor-signs-fetal-heartbeat-bill/61077469007/|url-status=live}}
In 2013, the Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) law applied to medication-induced abortions in addition to abortion clinics.{{Cite web|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2013/06/trap-laws-gain-political-traction-while-abortion-clinics-and-women-they-serve-pay-price|title=TRAP Laws Gain Political Traction While Abortion Clinics—and the Women They Serve—Pay the Price|date=2013-06-27|website=Guttmacher Institute|access-date=May 27, 2019|archive-date=2019-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527075201/https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2013/06/trap-laws-gain-political-traction-while-abortion-clinics-and-women-they-serve-pay-price|url-status=live}} On November 4, 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal by the state of Oklahoma to the overturning, on constitutional grounds, of a bill intended to ban the practice of terminations of early pregnancies via medication.{{cite news | last=Eilperin | first=Juliet | title=Supreme Court lets stand an Oklahoma ruling that a state abortion law is unconstitutional | newspaper=Washington Post | date=2013-11-12 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-lets-stand-an-oklahoma-ruling-that-a-state-abortion-law-is-unconstitutional/2013/11/12/339d1598-4bdd-11e3-9890-a1e0997fb0c0_story.html | access-date=2024-07-15}}
In 2016, Oklahoma state legislators passed a bill to criminalize abortion for providers, potentially charging them with up to three years in prison.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oklahoma-abortion-idUSKCN0XJ29I|title=Oklahoma lawmakers approve bill to revoke licenses of abortion doctors|date=2016-04-29|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-05-19|archive-date=2016-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427125632/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-oklahoma-abortion-idUSKCN0XJ29I|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/us/abortion-laws-2019.html|title='The Time Is Now': States Are Rushing to Restrict Abortion, or to Protect It|last=Tavernise|first=Sabrina|date=2019-05-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 24, 2019|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2019-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524064213/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/us/abortion-laws-2019.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/abortion-laws-states.html|title=Abortion Bans: 8 States Have Passed Bills to Limit the Procedure This Year|last=Lai|first=K. K. Rebecca|date=2019-05-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 24, 2019|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2023-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115135345/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/abortion-laws-states.html|url-status=live}} On May 20, 2016, Governor Mary Fallin vetoed the bill before it could become law, citing its wording as too vague to withstand a legal challenge.{{Cite web|url=http://kfor.com/2016/05/20/gov-fallin-vetoes-bill-that-would-make-performing-an-abortion-a-felony/|title=Gov. Fallin vetoes bill that would make performing an abortion a felony|date=2016-05-20|website=KFOR.com|access-date=2016-05-20|archive-date=2016-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521145215/http://kfor.com/2016/05/20/gov-fallin-vetoes-bill-that-would-make-performing-an-abortion-a-felony/|url-status=live}} The state legislature was one of four states nationwide that tried, and failed, to pass a "fetal heartbeat" bill in 2016.
In 2017, the state was one of six where the legislature introduced a bill that would have banned abortion in almost all cases. It did not pass. They were also one of eight states trying to pass a "fetal heartbeat" bill that year. The state legislature tried and failed to ban abortion again in 2018. They also tried and failed to pass a "fetal heartbeat" bill that year. In mid-May 2019, state law banned abortion after week 22.
In March 2020, Governor Kevin Stitt signed an executive order to limit elective medical procedures, later confirming that all types of abortion services were included, except for those necessary in a medical emergency or to "prevent serious health risks" to the pregnant individual. On April 6, federal judge Charles Barnes Goodwin blocked the executive order, ruling that the state "acted in an 'unreasonable,' 'arbitrary,' and 'oppressive' way," which "imposed an 'undue' burden on abortion access" in Oklahoma.{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/06/politics/oklahoma-abortion-block-coronavirus/index.html |title=Oklahoma judge blocks state order restricting abortion during coronavirus outbreak |first=Caroline |last=Kelly |date=April 6, 2020 |publisher=CNN |access-date=April 7, 2020 |archive-date=April 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421081944/https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/06/politics/oklahoma-abortion-block-coronavirus/index.html |url-status=live }}
In 2021, Greg Treat and Jon Echols authored a trigger law, SB 918 to repeal sections of Oklahoma statutes relating to abortion, upon reversal of Roe v Wade. SB 918 re-activates the 1910 statute 21-861, criminalizing the procuring of an abortion except for medical necessity. It was signed into law on April 27, 2021. Nathan Dahm and Jim Olsen authored SB 612 to criminalize all abortions, with the only exception being for medical emergency. It was signed into law on April 12, 2022.
==''Dobbs'' era==
Oklahoma's abortion ban took effect on May 25, 2022, when Governor Kevin Stitt signed HB 4327{{Cite web |last=Oklahoma State Legislature |title=HB 4327 Bill Information |url=http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB4327&Session=2200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222110440/www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB4327&Session=2200 |archive-date=2024-02-22 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.oklegislature.gov}} into law, and abortion providers ceased offering services in Oklahoma as of that date.{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/25/politics/oklahoma-abortion-ban-hb-4327-signed-governor-stitt/index.html |title=Oklahoma GOP governor signs one of nation's strictest abortion bills into law |first1=Karen |last1=Smith |first2=Veronica |last2=Stracqualursi |date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |work=CNN |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526011021/https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/25/politics/oklahoma-abortion-ban-hb-4327-signed-governor-stitt/index.html |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/oklahoma-governor-signs-nations-strictest-abortion-ban-84982729 |title=Oklahoma governor signs the nation's strictest abortion ban |first1=Jessie |last1=DiMartino |date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |work=abcnews.go.com |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525234959/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/oklahoma-governor-signs-nations-strictest-abortion-ban-84982729 |url-status=live}} HB 4327 is modeled after the Texas Heartbeat Act and is enforced solely through civil lawsuits brought by private citizens, making it exceedingly difficult for abortion providers to challenge the constitutionality of the statute in court.{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/25/us/oklahoma-abortion-ban-law-governor.html |title=Oklahoma Governor Signs Bill That Bans Most Abortions |first1=Luke |last1=Vander Ploeg |date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |work=New York Times |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526002657/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/25/us/oklahoma-abortion-ban-law-governor.html |url-status=live}}{{cite web |date=December 10, 2021 |title=Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson, No. 21-463 |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-463_3ebh.pdf |access-date=December 26, 2021 |website=supremecourt.gov |archive-date=December 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220024211/https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-463_3ebh.pdf |url-status=live}} Oklahoma was the first state to successfully ban abortion from the moment of fertilization post-Roe v. Wade.{{Cite news |last=Borter |first=Gabriella |date=2022-05-20 |title=Oklahoma lawmakers pass near-total abortion ban |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/oklahoma-lawmakers-pass-near-total-abortion-ban-2022-05-19/ |access-date=2022-06-05}} The Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization {{ussc|597||2022|docket=19-1392}} in June 2022.{{cite news |last1=Howe |first1=Amy |title=Supreme Court overturns constitutional right to abortion |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/06/supreme-court-overturns-constitutional-right-to-abortion/ |work=SCOTUSblog |date=June 24, 2022 |access-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624142633/https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/06/supreme-court-overturns-constitutional-right-to-abortion/ |url-status=live}}
In the year following the overturn of Roe v. Wade in 2022, 210 pregnant women in a dozen states were criminally charged for conduct associated with their pregnancy, pregnancy loss or birth. Six states — Alabama, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas — accounted for most cases.{{Cite web |last=Vollers |first=Anna Claire |date=2024-10-01 |title=200+ women faced criminal charges over pregnancy in year after Dobbs, report finds |url=https://missouriindependent.com/2024/10/01/200-women-faced-criminal-charges-over-pregnancy-in-year-after-dobbs-report-finds/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=Missouri Independent |language=en}}
In March 2023, a 5-4 majority of the Oklahoma Supreme Court found that the Oklahoma Constitution guarantee of a right to life included a "limited right" to life-saving abortions when there is "reasonable" certainty pregnancy threatens a person's life and that the Oklahoma Legislature's requirement of an "imminent medical emergency" violated that right.{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Shawna |title=Oklahoma Supreme Court: State constitution grants "limited right" to abortion |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/03/21/abortion-oklahoma-health-care |access-date=2023-03-22 |work=Axios |date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321223640/https://www.axios.com/2023/03/21/abortion-oklahoma-health-care |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Sweeney |first1=Catherine |title=Oklahoma Supreme Court clarifies medical exemptions in the state's abortion ban |url=https://www.kosu.org/local-news/2023-03-21/oklahoma-supreme-court-clarifies-medical-exemptions-in-the-states-abortion-ban |access-date=2023-03-22 |work=KOSU |date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322030033/https://www.kosu.org/local-news/2023-03-21/oklahoma-supreme-court-clarifies-medical-exemptions-in-the-states-abortion-ban |url-status=live}} The Court declined to comment on the constitutionality of bans on elective abortions. On May 31, 2023, the Oklahoma Supreme Court overturned Senate Bill 1503 and House Bill 4327 as unconstitutional limitations on the right to abortion in the state. SB 1503, authored by Senator Julie Daniels, had banned abortion from the detection of a fetal heartbeat (usually about 6 weeks into a pregnancy). It allowed for an exception for "medical emergencies," but did not define the term. HB 4237, authored by Representative Wendi Stearman, had been described as the "strictest abortion ban in the country" and prevented abortion from conception and had exceptions for saving the life of the pregnant individual and rapes that had been reported to police.{{cite news |last1=Hober |first1=Barbara |title=Oklahoma Supreme Court rules two abortion ban laws unconstitutional |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/oklahoma-supreme-court-rules-two-abortion-ban-laws-unconstitutional/article_a567015a-ffc1-11ed-a102-a338ccec55cb.html#tracking-source=mp-homepage |access-date=2023-06-01 |work=Tulsa World |date=June 1, 2023 |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531225225/https://tulsaworld.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/oklahoma-supreme-court-rules-two-abortion-ban-laws-unconstitutional/article_a567015a-ffc1-11ed-a102-a338ccec55cb.html#tracking-source=mp-homepage |url-status=live}}
On September 12, 2023, a woman filed an administrative complaint with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services against hospitals in Oklahoma, stating that two different Oklahoma hospitals denied her an abortion despite having dangerous pregnancy complications.{{Cite web|last1=El-Bawab|first1=Nadine|title=Women, doctors announce legal action against abortion bans in 3 states|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/women-doctors-announce-legal-action-abortion-bans-3/story?id=103055654&fbclid=IwAR2nucM0eXmPKcjZUQzA2jr6gMS3xA7oNi1d_YAl9h422I6wUEOL5yA59qI|website=ABC News|access-date=September 12, 2023|date=September 12, 2023|archive-date=October 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001193155/https://abcnews.go.com/US/women-doctors-announce-legal-action-abortion-bans-3/story?id=103055654&fbclid=IwAR2nucM0eXmPKcjZUQzA2jr6gMS3xA7oNi1d_YAl9h422I6wUEOL5yA59qI|url-status=live}}
= History of clinics =
File:Number of abortion clinics in Oklahoma by year.png
{{See also|Abortion clinic}} Between 1982 and 1992, the number of abortion clinics in the state decreased by seven, going from eighteen in 1982 to eleven in 1992.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDqXplZptaIC|title=A State-By-State Review of Abortion and Reproductive Rights|last1=Arndorfer|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Michael|first2=Jodi|last3=Moskowitz|first3=Laura|last4=Grant|first4=Juli A.|last5=Siebel|first5=Liza|date=December 1998|publisher=Diane Publishing|isbn=9780788174810}} In the period between 1992 and 1996, the state saw no change in the total number of abortion clinics. While only three states saw gains in this period, this state was one of four to see no changes with 11 abortion clinics in the state in 1996. In 2014, there were three abortion clinics in the state.{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-many-abortion-clinics-are-in-america-each-state-2017-2|title=The number of abortion clinics in the US has plunged in the last decade — here's how many are in each state|last=Gould|first=Rebecca Harrington, Skye|website=Business Insider|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523193309/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-many-abortion-clinics-are-in-america-each-state-2017-2|url-status=live}} In 2014, 96% of the counties in the state did not have an abortion clinic. That year, 54% of women in the state aged 15–44 lived in a county without an abortion clinic.{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.es/abortion-access-in-america-maps-charts-if-roe-falls-2018-8|title=This is what could happen if Roe v. Wade fell|author1=Panetta, Grace |author2=lee, Samantha|date=2018-08-04|website=Business Insider|language=es|access-date=May 24, 2019|archive-date=2019-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524083342/https://www.businessinsider.es/abortion-access-in-america-maps-charts-if-roe-falls-2018-8|url-status=dead}} In 2014, 51% of adults said in a poll by the Pew Research Center that abortion should be legal in all or most cases.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/|title=Views about abortion by state - Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics|work=Pew Research Center|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=January 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103045246/https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/|url-status=live}} In 2017, there were six Planned Parenthood clinics, of which one offered abortion services, in a state with a population of 882,108 women aged 15–49.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-planned-parenthood-locations-states/|title=Here's Where Women Have Less Access to Planned Parenthood|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523171305/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-planned-parenthood-locations-states/|url-status=live}}
The first new clinic to provide abortion care opened in Oklahoma City in 2016, Trust Women Oklahoma City.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/b10cb8844abb4486ae2eb7f7b8d66224|title=Oklahoma's first new abortion clinic in 40 years opens doors|website=Associated Press|date=2016-09-16|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801184406/https://apnews.com/b10cb8844abb4486ae2eb7f7b8d66224|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://trustwomen.org/clinics/clinics-overview|title=Clinics Overview|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801184408/https://trustwomen.org/clinics/clinics-overview|url-status=live}} As of 2022, there are no abortion providers offering services in Oklahoma as a result of HB 4327.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/oklahoma-governor-signs-strictest-abortion-ban-us-into-law-2022-05-26/ |title=Oklahoma governor signs into law strictest abortion ban in the U.S. |first1=Gabriella |last1=Porter |date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=May 26, 2022 |work=Reuters |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526011814/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/oklahoma-governor-signs-strictest-abortion-ban-us-into-law-2022-05-26/ |url-status=live}}
=History of the abortion-rights movement=
Women from the state participated in marches supporting abortion rights as part of a #StoptheBans movement in May 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/05/21/abortion-laws-stopthebans-rallies-set-across-nation-today/3750913002/|title=Abortion rights supporters' voices thunder at #StopTheBans rallies across the nation|last=Bacon|first=John|website=USA Today|access-date=May 25, 2019|archive-date=May 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522152826/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/05/21/abortion-laws-stopthebans-rallies-set-across-nation-today/3750913002/|url-status=live}} Many Oklahoman's who were supportive of abortion started protesting following restrictions on the procedure that were signed into law in May 2022.{{Cite web |last=Money |first=Jack |title=Abortion rights supporters rally Saturday at Oklahoma Capitol |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2022/05/15/oklahoma-abortion-rights-activists-protest-with-roe-v-wade-looming/9765395002/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Oklahoman |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520200008/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2022/05/15/oklahoma-abortion-rights-activists-protest-with-roe-v-wade-looming/9765395002/ |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |last=Arata |first=Katie |date=2022-05-14 |title=Hundreds rally at Oklahoma State Capitol in support of abortion rights |url=https://okcfox.com/news/local/hundreds-rally-at-state-capitol-in-support-of-abortion-rights-roe-v-wade-supreme-court-leaked-pro-choice-protest-bans-off-our-bodies-national-women- |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=KOKH |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619060232/https://okcfox.com/news/local/hundreds-rally-at-state-capitol-in-support-of-abortion-rights-roe-v-wade-supreme-court-leaked-pro-choice-protest-bans-off-our-bodies-national-women- |url-status=live}} In June 2022, additional protests across several cities such as Oklahoma City, Norman, and Tulsa had risen substantially after the Supreme Court's ruling on Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=Protests scheduled in Oklahoma City, Norman after Roe v. Wade abortion law overturned |url=https://kfor.com/news/local/protests-scheduled-in-oklahoma-city-norman-after-roe-v-wade-abortion-law-overturned/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=KFOR.com Oklahoma City |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627090208/https://kfor.com/news/local/protests-scheduled-in-oklahoma-city-norman-after-roe-v-wade-abortion-law-overturned/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-26 |title=People in Oklahoma react to decision to overturn Roe v. Wade |url=https://www.koco.com/article/oklahoma-roe-wade-abortion-protest/40426481 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=KOCO |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626235117/https://www.koco.com/article/oklahoma-roe-wade-abortion-protest/40426481 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-25 |title=Norman protesters want answers on how abortion laws will be enforced |url=https://kfor.com/news/local/norman-protesters-want-answers-on-how-abortion-laws-will-be-enforced/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=KFOR.com Oklahoma City |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627012641/https://kfor.com/news/local/norman-protesters-want-answers-on-how-abortion-laws-will-be-enforced/ |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |last=World |first=Jacob Factor Tulsa |title=Tulsans protest overturning of Roe v. Wade, plan to work to restore reproductive rights |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/tulsans-protest-overturning-of-roe-v-wade-plan-to-work-to-restore-reproductive-rights/article_9911d6dc-f3d3-11ec-80e5-ab2639cb975c.html |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Tulsa World |date=2022-06-25 |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626205115/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/tulsans-protest-overturning-of-roe-v-wade-plan-to-work-to-restore-reproductive-rights/article_9911d6dc-f3d3-11ec-80e5-ab2639cb975c.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Multiple pro-abortion protests taking place across Oklahoma City Sunday |url=https://kfor.com/news/multiple-pro-abortion-protests-taking-place-across-oklahoma-city-sunday/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=KFOR.com Oklahoma City |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627090514/https://kfor.com/news/multiple-pro-abortion-protests-taking-place-across-oklahoma-city-sunday/ |url-status=live}}
Following the overturn of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, hundreds of abortion rights protesters rallied and marched in Oklahoma City,{{Cite web |last1=Wolfe |first1=Jazz |last2=Pratt |first2=Megan |title=Hundreds gather outside state Capitol to protest overturning of Roe v. Wade |url=https://www.oudaily.com/news/hundreds-gather-outside-state-capitol-to-protest-overturning-of-roe-v-wade/article_eb690e32-f5c7-11ec-9056-7344f31af5ba.html#1 |website=OU Daily |access-date=December 10, 2022 |date=June 26, 2022 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210171043/https://www.oudaily.com/news/hundreds-gather-outside-state-capitol-to-protest-overturning-of-roe-v-wade/article_eb690e32-f5c7-11ec-9056-7344f31af5ba.html#1 |url-status=live}} Tulsa,{{Cite web |last1=Factor |first1=Jacob |title=Abortion-rights protesters march in downtown Tulsa |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/watch-now-abortion-rights-protesters-march-in-downtown-tulsa/article_5db6b1c6-f88c-11ec-a75d-c3a9c61b0faa.html |website=Tulsa World |access-date=December 10, 2022 |date=July 1, 2022 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210171035/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/watch-now-abortion-rights-protesters-march-in-downtown-tulsa/article_5db6b1c6-f88c-11ec-a75d-c3a9c61b0faa.html |url-status=live }}Talequah,{{Cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Tesina |title='My body, my choice': More than 100 in heart of Cherokee Nation capital protest overturn of Roe |url=https://www.woodwardnews.net/oklahoma/my-body-my-choice-more-than-100-in-heart-of-cherokee-nation-capital-protest-overturn/article_6ab3b7d5-107c-59b8-ace8-f065d45fedf8.html |website=Woodward News |access-date=December 10, 2022 |date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210171035/https://www.woodwardnews.net/oklahoma/my-body-my-choice-more-than-100-in-heart-of-cherokee-nation-capital-protest-overturn/article_6ab3b7d5-107c-59b8-ace8-f065d45fedf8.html |url-status=live }} and Bartlesville.{{Cite web |last1=Creager |first1=Daisy |title=Bartlesville group protests U.S. Supreme Court abortion decision |url=https://www.examiner-enterprise.com/story/news/2022/07/06/bartlesville-group-protests-abortion-decision-overturn-roe-v-wade/7812644001/ |website=Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise |access-date=December 10, 2022 |date=July 6, 2022}}
Statistics
In the period between 1972 and 1974, there was one illegal abortion death in Oklahoma.{{Cite journal|last1=Cates|first1=Willard|last2=Rochat|first2=Roger|date=March 1976|title=Illegal Abortions in the United States: 1972–1974|journal=Family Planning Perspectives|volume=8|issue=2|pages=86–92|doi=10.2307/2133995|jstor=2133995|pmid=1269687}} In the same period, the state had an illegal abortion mortality rate per million women aged 15–44 of between 0.1 and 0.9. In 1990, 328,000 women in the state faced the risk of an unintended pregnancy. In 2010, the state had no publicly funded abortions.{{Cite web|url=https://data.guttmacher.org/states/table?state=AL+AK+AZ+AR+CA+CO+CT+DE+DC+FL+GA+HI+ID+IL+IN+IA+KS+KY+LA+ME+MD+MA+MI+MN+MS+MO+MT+NE+NV+NH+NJ+NM+NY+NC+ND+OH+OK+OR+PA+RI+SC+SD+TN+TX+UT+VT+VA+WA+WV+WI+WY&topics=62&dataset=data|title=Guttmacher Data Center|website=data.guttmacher.org|access-date=May 24, 2019|archive-date=November 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103144828/https://data.guttmacher.org/states/table?state=AL+AK+AZ+AR+CA+CO+CT+DE+DC+FL+GA+HI+ID+IL+IN+IA+KS+KY+LA+ME+MD+MA+MI+MN+MS+MO+MT+NE+NV+NH+NJ+NM+NY+NC+ND+OH+OK+OR+PA+RI+SC+SD+TN+TX+UT+VT+VA+WA+WV+WI+WY&topics=62&dataset=data|url-status=live}} In 2013, among white women aged 15–19, there were 460 abortions, 110 abortions for black women aged 15–19, 0 abortions for Hispanic women aged 15–19, and 140 abortions for women of all other races.{{Cite web|url=https://data.guttmacher.org/states/table?state=AL+AK+AZ+AR+CA+CO+CT+DE+DC+FL+GA+HI+ID+IL+IN+IA+KS+KY+LA+ME+MD+MA+MI+MN+MS+MO+MT+NE+NV+NH+NJ+NM+NY+NC+ND+OH+OK+OR+PA+RI+SC+SD+TN+TX+UT+VT+VA+WA+WV+WI+WY&dataset=data&topics=87|title=No. of abortions among women aged 15–19, by state of residence, 2013 by racial group|website=Guttmacher Data Center|access-date=May 24, 2019|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417163419/https://data.guttmacher.org/states/table?state=AL+AK+AZ+AR+CA+CO+CT+DE+DC+FL+GA+HI+ID+IL+IN+IA+KS+KY+LA+ME+MD+MA+MI+MN+MS+MO+MT+NE+NV+NH+NJ+NM+NY+NC+ND+OH+OK+OR+PA+RI+SC+SD+TN+TX+UT+VT+VA+WA+WV+WI+WY&dataset=data&topics=87|url-status=live}} In 2017, the state had an infant mortality rate of 7.7 deaths per 1,000 live births.{{Cite web |title=States pushing abortion bans have highest infant mortality rates |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481 |access-date=May 25, 2019 |website=NBC News |date=2019-05-24 |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525080658/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/states-pushing-abortion-bans-have-higher-infant-mortality-rates-n1008481 |url-status=live}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions, by reporting area of residence and occurrence and by percentage of abortions obtained by out-of-state residents, US CDC estimates ! rowspan="2" |Location ! colspan="3" |Residence ! colspan="3" |Occurrence ! rowspan="2" |% obtained by out-of-state residents ! rowspan="2" |Year ! rowspan="2" |Ref | |||||||||
| No.
|Rate^ |Ratio^^ |No. |Rate^ |Ratio^^ | |||||||||
| Oklahoma | 4,808 | 6.3 | 90 | 4,916 | 6.4 | 92 | 8.7 | 2014 | {{Cite journal|last=Jatlaoui|first=Tara C.|date=2017|title=Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2014|journal=MMWR. Surveillance Summaries|volume=66|issue=24|pages=1–48|doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss6624a1|issn=1546-0738|pmid=29166366|pmc=6289084}} |
| Oklahoma
|4,813 |6.3 |91 |4,709 |6.1 |89 |8 |2015 | |||||||||
| Oklahoma
|4,409 |5.7 |84 |4,294 |5.6 |82 |8.0 |2016 | |||||||||
| colspan="10" |^number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44; ^^number of abortions per 1,000 live births |