Abu Ghraib

{{Short description|City in the Baghdad Governorate, Iraq}}

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{{About|the town|the infamous prison located there|Abu Ghraib prison}}

{{Other uses}}

{{Distinguish|Abu Gorab}}

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{{Update|date=June 2014}}

{{Infobox settlement

|official_name = Abu Ghraib

|native_name = أبو غريب

|native_name_lang = ar

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|map_caption = Map showing Abu Ghraib near Baghdad

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|pushpin_map_caption = Abu Ghraib location inside Iraq

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|subdivision_name1 = Baghdad Governorate

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|population_total = 189000

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Abu Ghraib ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Abu Ghraib from Iraq pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|ˈ|ɑː|b|uː|_|ˈ|g|r|ɛ|b|}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|r|eɪ|b}}; {{langx|ar|أبو غريب|Abū Ghurayb}}) is a city in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq, located just west of Baghdad's city center, or northwest of Baghdad International Airport. It has a population of 189,000 (2003). The old road to Jordan passes through Abu Ghraib. The government of Iraq created the city and Abu Ghraib District in 1944.

The placename has been translated as "father of little crows" (in the sense of "place abundant in small crows"), but this translation has been suspected of being a folk etymology, and the name may be related to gharb ("west"), or ghariib ("strange, foreign") instead.{{cite web |url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001899.html |title=Abu Ghraib is not about ravens after all (?)... |publisher=Language Log |date=February 14, 2005}}

Abu Ghraib was known for the Abu Ghraib Infant Formula Plant, which Western intelligence agencies perennially claimed to be a biological weapons production facility.{{citation needed|date=July 2008}} The plant was built in 1980 and painted with a dappled camouflage pattern during the Iran–Iraq War. It was bombed during the Gulf War, and the Iraqi government allowed CNN reporter Peter Arnett to film the destroyed building along with a conspicuous hand-painted sign that read, "baby milk factory". Iraq partially rebuilt the facility afterward, and US Secretary of State Colin Powell falsely cited it again as a weapons production plant in the run-up to the Iraq War, even though the CIA's own investigation had concluded that the site had been bombed “in the mistaken belief that it was a key BW [Biological Weapon] facility.” {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/chap6.html |title=Biological Warfare — Central Intelligence Agency |website=www.cia.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613050804/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/chap6.html |archive-date=2007-06-13}} {{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2015/10/07/a-short-history-of-u-s-bombing-of-civilian-facilities/|title=A Short History of U.S. Bombing of Civilian Facilities|date=7 October 2015}} Also, an examination of suspected weapons facilities by the Iraq Survey Group later determined that the plant, in disuse for some time, housed discarded infant formula, but found no evidence of weapons production.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

The city is also the site of Abu Ghraib prison, which was one of the sites where political dissidents were incarcerated under former ruler Saddam Hussein. Thousands of these dissidents were tortured and executed.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} After Saddam Hussein's fall, the Abu Ghraib prison was used by American forces in Iraq. In 2003, Abu Ghraib prison earned international notoriety for the torture and abuses by members of the United States Army during the post-invasion period.{{cite web |last=Greenwald |first=Glenn |author-link=Glenn Greenwald |url=http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html |title=Other government agencies |work=Salon.com |access-date=April 3, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212035108/http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html |archive-date=February 12, 2008 |df=mdy}}{{cite news |first=Seymour M. |last=Hersh |title=Chain of Command |date=May 17, 2004 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/05/17/040517fa_fact2?currentPage=all |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=September 13, 2011 |quote=NBC News later quoted U.S. military officials as saying that the unreleased photographs showed American soldiers "severely beating an Iraqi prisoner nearly to death, having sex with a female Iraqi prisoner, and 'acting inappropriately with a dead body.' The officials said there also was a videotape, apparently shot by U.S. personnel, showing Iraqi guards raping young boys."}}{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Benjamin |title=Taguba denies he's seen abuse photos suppressed by Obama: The general told a U.K. paper about images he saw investigating Abu Ghraib – not photos Obama wants kept secret. |url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2009/05/30/taguba/ |work=Salon.com |date=May 30, 2008 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |quote=The paper quoted Taguba as saying, "These pictures show torture, abuse, rape and every indecency." [...] The actual quote in the Telegraph was accurate, Taguba said – but he was referring to the hundreds of images he reviewed as an investigator of the abuse at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611145722/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2009/05/30/taguba/ |archive-date=June 11, 2009 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |quote=Taguba said that he saw "a video of a male American soldier in uniform sodomizing a female detainee" |first=Seymour Myron |last=Hersh |author-link=Seymour Hersh |title=The general's report: how Antonio Taguba, who investigated the Abu Ghraib scandal, became one of its casualties. |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/06/25/070625fa_fact_hersh?printable=true |magazine=The New Yorker |date=June 25, 2007 |access-date=June 17, 2007}}{{cite news |first=Joan |last=Walsh |author-link=Joan Walsh |author2=Michael Scherer |author3=Mark Benjamin |author4=Page Rockwell |author5=Jeanne Carstensen |author6=Mark Follman |author7=Page Rockwell |author8=Tracy Clark-Flory |title=Other government agencies |url=http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html |work=The Abu Ghraib files |publisher=salon.com |date=March 14, 2006 |access-date=February 24, 2008 |quote=The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology later ruled al-Jamadi's death a homicide, caused by "blunt force injuries to the torso complicated by compromised respiration." |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212035108/http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html |archive-date=February 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy}}