Abwein

Abwein is located 14.3 km north of Ramallah. It is bordered by Jilijliya and Sinjil to the east, Ammuriya and Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya to the north, Bani Zeid ash Sharqiya to the west, and Atara to the south.

Pottery sherds from Iron Age II, Persian, Hellenistic, Byzantine, and Crusader/Ayyubid era have been found.Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 483.

Reinhold Röhricht identified Abwein as the Crusader village of Casale Bubil or Casale Bubin.Röhricht, 1887, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/204/mode/1up 204]; cited in Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 483.

In the village is an old maqam (holy man's tomb) called ash-Shaykh Ya'qub. According to Moshe Sharon, the tomb has been neglected. The tombstone was in secondary use in a terrace. It had an inscription dating to September 1339 in Mamluk naskhi script dedicated to a Hajji Ya'qub, son of Shaikh Dawud ibn Ahmad, who died that year. It also refers to the Mamluk sultan of that time period, al-Nasir Muhammad.Sharon, 1997, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&pg=PA14 14]-15. Pottery sherds from the Mamluk era and a hoard of 406 silver coins, mostly from the period of Sultan Baibars, have also been found.Mayer, 1934, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56293/2015.56293.Quarterly-Of-The-Department-Of-Antiquities-In-Palestine-Vol3#page/n279/mode/1up 167]–171; cited in Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 483.

The village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Quds, part of the liwa (district) of Quds. It had a population of 53 households, all Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 8,750 akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 112.

In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village in the Bani Zeid administrative region.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/125/mode/1up 125] During this time, residents from Abwein settled in Sarafand al-Kharab near al-Ramla.{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |author-link=Roy Marom |date=2022 |title=Lydda Sub-District: Lydda and its countryside during the Ottoman period |url=https://www.academia.edu/79946175/Lydda_Sub_District_Lydda_and_its_countryside_during_the_Ottoman_period_%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA |journal=Diospolis - City of God: Journal of the History, Archaeology and Heritage of Lod |volume=8 |pages=124}}

In 1870 Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called "A'youein", and estimated it to have about 300 inhabitants. He described it as having abundant water-sources, beautiful walnut trees, and gardens with figs, olives and pomegranates.Guérin, 1875, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n194/mode/1up 169]. An Ottoman village list of about the same year, 1870, showed that Abwein had 158 houses and a population of 429, though the population count included men only.Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/142/mode/1up 142] Also noted that it was in the Beni Zeid districtHartmann, 1883, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n915/mode/1up 107], 113-114, also noted 158 houses

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Abwein as a village situated on the slope of a hill, with a well to the south, and olive trees on its lower north side.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/289/mode/1up 289].

In 1896 the population of Abwain was estimated to be about 933 persons.Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n231/mode/1up 124]

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Abwein had a population of 543 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up 16]. increasing in the 1931 census to 695, still all Muslim, in 171 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 49].

In the 1945 statistics the population was 880 Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26] while the total land area was 16,205 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-064.jpg 64]. Of this, 1,863 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 8,296 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-111.jpg 111]. while 36 dunams were classified as built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-161.jpg 161].

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Abwein came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,174 inhabitants.Government of Jordan, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24]

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Abwein has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 79.8% of village land is defined as Area A land, 9,2% as Area B, and the remainder 11% as Area C.

The Sahweil Castle in Abwein was renovated in 1996.Irving, 2012, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-orIXqXsSUYC&pg=PA248 248]. In 2005, a 13-member municipality was established by the Palestinian National Authority to administer the town's civil affairs.{{Citation|url=http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Abwein_tp_en.pdf|title='Abwein Town Profile|publisher=ARIJ|year=2012|access-date=2015-06-30}} In the December 2004 Palestinian municipal elections, 28 candidates competed for the mayoral seat and despite strong opposition from religious parties, Fatima Sahweil, a member of Fatah and principal of a local girls' high school, won. The Fatah list won a total of 12 of Abwein Municipality's 13 seats.{{Citation|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-28-fg-palwomen28-story.html|title=Palestinian Women Triumph at Polls|agency=Associated Press|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2004-12-28|access-date=2015-06-30}}

Most of Abwein's current inhabitants belong to the Sahweil and Mazahim families. According to the 'Abwein Municipal Council, the town's inhabitants are descendants of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari tribe.

• Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}
• {{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, I.| editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=Tel Aviv|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}}
• {{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
• {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre|access-date=2012-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
• {{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
• {{cite book|last=Irving|first=Sarah|title=Palestine|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year=2012|isbn=9781841623672|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-orIXqXsSUYC&q=Sarah+Irving}}
• {{cite journal | last = Mayer| first = L.A.| author-link=Leo Aryeh Mayer | title = A hoard of Mamluk coins|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56293 |journal = Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine| volume = 3 | year = 1934 | pages = [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56293/2015.56293.Quarterly-Of-The-Department-Of-Antiquities-In-Palestine-Vol3#page/n279/mode/1up 167]–171}}
• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
• {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
• {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|volume=3}}
• {{cite journal | author = Röhricht, R.| author-link=Reinhold Röhricht | title = Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 10 | pages = 195–344 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde09deut| year = 1887}}
• {{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| author-link = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
• {{cite book|title=Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, A |volume= 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC|first=M.|last=Sharon|author-link=Moshe Sharon|year=1997|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-10833-5}}
• {{cite journal | author = Socin, A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/_Abwein__Ibwein_544/index.html Welcome To 'Abwein/'Ibwein]
• [https://www.welcometopalestine.com/destinations/ramallah-al-bireh/abwein/ Abwein], Welcome to Palestine
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8376 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.14.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Abwein_tp_en.pdf ‘Abwein Town Profile], Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
• [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/images/english/'Abwein_ap_en.jpg Abwein aerial photo], ARIJ
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140503192113/http://www.riwaq.org/2010/files/Throne_villages.pdf Throne villages], with Sahweil Palace in Ibwein, RIWAQ

{{Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate}}

Category:Villages in the West Bank

Category:Throne villages