Abyssocottinae
{{Short description|Subfamily of fishes}}
{{Redirect|Deep-water sculpin|the species from North America|deepwater sculpin}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Big red sculpin (Procottus major).jpg
| taxon = Abyssocottinae
| authority = Berg, 1907{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp | year = 2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.3882.1.1/33563 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ref = [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=553241 Abyssocottidae.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
| subdivision = see text
}}
The Abyssocottinae are a subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cottidae, the sculpins. They are known commonly as the deep-water sculpins.Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.) [http://www.fishbase.org/summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=584 Abyssocottidae.] FishBase. 2011. The entire subfamily is endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia.Hunt, D. M., et al. (1997). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417898 Molecular evolution of the cottoid fish endemic to Lake Baikal deduced from nuclear DNA evidence.] Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8(3), 415–22.
Sculpins of this subfamily mostly live in deep water, below {{cvt|170|m}}. There are 24 known species in seven genera. These include, for instance, Abyssocottus korotneffi and Cottinella boulengeri which are among the deepest-living freshwater fish.Jakubowski, M. (1997). [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199708)233:2%3C105::AID-JMOR2%3E3.0.CO;2-5/abstract Morphometry of gill respiratory area in the Baikalian deep-water sculpins Abyssocottus korotneffi and Cottinella boulengeri (Abyssocottidae, Cottoidei).] Journal of Morphology 233(2), 105–12. Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth ({{cvt|1642|m|disp=or}}) and sculpins occupy even its greatest depths.
Evolution and systematics
Molecular studies based on mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Abyssocottinae along with other Lake Baikal cottoid fishes, now attributed to the likewise endemic Cottocomephorinae (Baikal sculpins) and Comephorinae (Baikal oilfish), together make a monophyletic group that has originated and diversified within the lake relative recently, since the Pliocene. The ancestors of this species flock comprising more than 30 species belonged to the widespread freshwater sculpin genus Cottus (in Cottidae). The Abyssocottidae itself appears as a natural group within this radiation, except that also the genus Batrachocottus should be included.{{cite journal | author1 = Tytti Kontula | author2 = Sergei V. Kirilchik | author3 = Risto Väinölä | name-list-style = and | year = 2003 | title = Endemic diversification of the monophyletic cottoid fish species flock in Lake Baikal explored with mtDNA sequencing] | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 143–155 | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00376-7}}
Genera
The following genera have been included in the subfamily:{{cite journal | author1 = W. Leo Smith | author2 = Morgan S. Busby | name-list-style = & | year = 2014 | title = Phylogeny and taxonomy of sculpins, sandfishes, and snailfishes (Perciformes: Cottoidei) with comments on the phylogenetic significance of their early-life-history specializations | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 79 | pages = 332-352 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.028}}
{{Linked genus list
| Abyssocottus | Berg, 1906
| Asprocottus | Berg, 1906
| Batrachocottus | Berg, 1903
| Cyphocottus | Sideleva, 2003
| Cottinella | Berg, 1907
| Limnocottus | Berg, 1906
| Neocottus | Sideleva, 1982
| Procottus | Gratzianov, 1902
}}