Acheron-class destroyer

{{short description|Class of twenty-three destroyers of the British Royal Navy, completed between 1911 and 1912}}

{{For|other ship classes of the same name|Acheron class (disambiguation){{!}}Acheron class|I-class destroyer}}

{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=HMS Acheron (1911).jpg

|Ship caption=HMS Acheron

}}

{{Infobox ship class overview

|Name=Acheron-class destroyer

|Builders=

|Operators={{navy|United Kingdom}}

|Class before={{sclass|Acorn|destroyer|4}}

|Class after={{sclass|Acasta|destroyer|4}}

|Subclasses=

|Cost=

|Built range=1911–1912

|In service range=

|In commission range=1911–1922

|Total ships building=

|Total ships planned=

|Total ships completed=23

|Total ships cancelled=

|Total ships active=

|Total ships laid up=

|Total ships lost=3

|Total ships retired=

|Total ships preserved=

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

|Hide header=

|Header caption=

|Ship class=

|Ship type=

|Ship displacement=750 to 790 tons

|Ship length={{convert|246|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} to {{convert|252|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}

|Ship beam={{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|26|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}

|Ship height=

|Ship draught={{convert|8|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=on}}

|Ship depth=

|Ship decks=

|Ship power=*Standard I-class:

  • {{convert|13500|shp|kW|abbr=on|0}}
  • Acheron, Ariel:
  • {{convert|15500|shp|kW|abbr=on|0}}
  • Lurcher, Oak, Firedrake:
  • {{convert|20000|shp|kW|abbr=on|0}}

|Ship propulsion=

  • Standard I-class:
  • 3 × Parsons steam turbines
  • 3 × Yarrow-type oil-fired boilers
  • 3 × shafts
  • Ferret, Forester:
  • 3 × Parsons steam turbines
  • 3 × White-Forster oil-fired boilers
  • 3 × shafts
  • Hind, Hornet, Hydra:
  • 2 × Brown-Curtis turbines
  • 2 × Yarrow-type oil-fired boilers
  • 2 × Shafts
  • Oak, Lurcher, Firedrake:{{cite journal|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/images/2/2b/Er19120712a.pdf|title=Miscellenia|journal=The Engineer|date=12 July 1912|volume=114|page=39|quote=The vessel is 255ft. long by 25ft. 7in. beam, and is propelled by Parsons turbines driving two shafts, steam being supplied by three Yarrow water-tube boilers fitted with the firm's latest feed-heating devices|access-date=15 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119133459/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/images/2/2b/Er19120712a.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2016|url-status=dead}}
  • 2 × Parsons turbines
  • 3 × Yarrow oil-fired boilers
  • 2 × shafts

|Ship speed={{convert|27|kn|abbr=on}} – {{convert|35|kn|abbr=on|1}}

|Ship range=

|Ship endurance=

|Ship complement=

|Ship armament=*2 × BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII, mounting P Mark V

|Ship armour=

|Ship notes=

}}

The Acheron class (renamed the I class in October 1913) was a class of twenty-three destroyers of the British Royal Navy, all built under the 1910–11 Programme and completed between 1911 and 1912, which served during the First World War. There was considerable variation between the design and construction of ships within this class, which should be considered as more of a post-build grouping than a homogeneous class.No class of ships were called J class.

Design

Originally, 20 ships, including Acheron, were ordered but three more were completed by Yarrow & Company. The Acherons were generally repeats of the preceding Acorn- or H-class, although Acheron and five others were builders' specials. They differed from the Acorns in having only two funnels, both of which were short, the foremost being thicker than the after stack. The 12-pounder guns were mounted slightly further forward than in the Acorns.

Variation within the class

Fourteen of the class were completed to an Admiralty standard design, although those built by John Brown and Company at Clydebank (Hind, Hornet and Hydra) had Brown-Curtis type turbines and only two shafts. Archer and Attack used steam at higher pressures and Badger and Beaver were completed with geared steam turbines for evaluation purposes, achieving speeds of {{cvt|30.7|kn}} in trials.

=Thornycroft specials=

Acheron and Ariel were longer ({{cvt|77|m|order=flip}}), had higher power (15,500 shp) and were faster, achieving {{cvt|29.4|kn}} in trials.{{cite web|url=http://www.pbenyon1.plus.com/Janes_1919/Destroyers/I_Class.html |title=I-class destroyers (extract from Jane's Fighting Ships of 1919) |access-date=2008-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603231408/http://www.pbenyon1.plus.com/Janes_1919/Destroyers/I_Class.html |archive-date=3 June 2011 }}

=Yarrow specials (or "special I class")=

Sir Alfred Yarrow maintained that it was possible to build strong, seaworthy destroyers with a speed of {{cvt|32|kn}}, and eventually a contract for three such boats was placed with the firm. They were a little larger than the rest of the class and developed {{cvt|20,000|shp|abbr=on}}, but carried the same armament. Like the John Brown-built boats Hind, Hydra and Hornet, they had only 2 shafts, with steam developed in 2 Yarrow-type water-tube boilers and delivered to 2 Parsons turbines. Firedrake, Lurcher and Oak were distinctive in appearance and indeed much faster. They all exceeded their contract speed, Lurcher making over {{cvt|35|kn}}.

Conversion to minelayers

Ferret, Sandfly and Ariel were converted into fast minelaying destroyers in 1917, serving with the 20th Flotilla. They were each capable of laying 40 mines.Minesweeping and Minelaying from the Eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911

Evaluation

This class of torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs, or colloquially, "boats") handled well and were excellent sea boats; like similar classes of TBDs of the time, they had open bridges but were much drier at sea than was the norm.

Ships

=Builders' I class=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"

!Name

Ship Builder|Launched|Fate
{{HMS|Acheron|1911|2}}John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston27 June 1911Sold 9 May 1921
{{HMS|Archer|1911|2}}Yarrow & Company, Scotstoun, Glasgow21 October 1911Sold 9 May 1921
{{HMS|Ariel|1911|2}}John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston26 September 1911Converted to fast minelayer in 1917. Mined while minelaying in North Sea 2 August 1918{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1918-08Aug.htm|title=Royal Navy Casualty List, August 1918 – Naval history.net website|access-date=2008-10-17}}
{{HMS|Attack|1911|2}}Yarrow & Company, Scotstoun, Glasgow12 December 1911Torpedoed or mined by German U-boat UC-34 off Alexandria 30 December 1917.{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishDestroyers.htm#losses|title=British Destroyers – Naval history.net website|access-date=2008-10-25| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081005022447/http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishDestroyers.htm| archive-date= 5 October 2008 | url-status= live}}
{{HMS|Badger|1911|2}}William Denny & Brothers,{{cite book |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 |year=1985 |publisher=Conway's Maritime Press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-245-5 |page=75}} Dumbarton11 July 1911Sold 9 May 1921
{{HMS|Beaver|1911|2}}William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton6 October 1911|Sold May 1921

=Admiralty I class=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"

!Name

Ship BuilderLaunchedFate
{{HMS|Defender|1911|2}}William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton30 August 1911Sold 4 November 1921
{{HMS|Druid|1911|2}}William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton4 December 1911Sold 9 May 1921
{{HMS|Ferret|1911|2}}J. Samuel White & Company, Cowes12 April 1911Converted to fast minelayer in 1917. Sold May 1921
{{HMS|Forester|1911|2}}J. Samuel White & Company, Cowes|1 June 1911Sold November 1921
{{HMS|Goshawk|1911|2}}William Beardmore & Company, Dalmuir18 October 1911Sold November 1921
{{HMS|Hind|1911|2}}John Brown & Company, Clydebank28 July 1911Sold 9 May 1921
{{HMS|Hornet|1911|2}}John Brown & Company, Clydebank20 December 1911Sold 9 May 1921
{{HMS|Hydra|1912|2}}John Brown & Company, Clydebank19 February 1912Sold 9 May 1921{{cite web|url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/s0440000.htm|title="Arrowsmith" List: Royal Navy WWI Destroyer Pendant Numbers|access-date=2008-07-01}}
{{HMS|Jackal|1911|2}}R. W. Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn9 September 1911Sold September 1920
{{HMS|Lapwing|1911|2}}Cammell Laird & Company, Birkenhead29 July 1911Sold October 1921
{{HMS|Lizard|1911|2}}Cammell Laird & Company, Birkenhead10 October 1911Sold 4 November 1921
{{HMS|Phoenix|1911|2}}Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness9 October 1911Torpedoed by the Austro-Hungarian submarine {{SMU|U-27|Austria-Hungary|2}} in the Adriatic Sea on 14 May 1918{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_12628.asp|title=HMAS Warrego at the Australian War Memorial website|access-date=2008-09-26| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080925134708/http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_12628.asp| archive-date= 25 September 2008 | url-status= live}}
{{HMS|Sandfly|1911|2}}Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend26 July 1911Converted to fast minelayer in 1917. Sold May 1921
{{HMS|Tigress|1911|2}}R. W. Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn20 December 1911Sold 9 May 1921

=Yarrow Specials (or "Special I class")=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"

!Name

Ship Builder|Launched|Fate
{{HMS|Firedrake|1912|2}}Yarrow & Company, Scotstoun, Glasgow9 April 1912Sold 10 October 1922
{{HMS|Lurcher|1912|2}}Yarrow & Company, Scotstoun, Glasgow1 June 1912Sold 9 June 1922
{{HMS|Oak|1912|2}}Yarrow & Company, Scotstoun, Glasgow5 September 1912Sold May 1921{{cite web|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/acheron.htm |title=Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk website – Acheron Class|access-date=2008-07-04| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080720181925/http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/acheron.htm| archive-date= 20 July 2008 | url-status= live}}

Notes

{{reflist|group=Note}}

References

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

  • Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893–1981, Maurice Cocker, 1983, Ian Allan {{ISBN|0-7110-1075-7}}
  • The British Destroyer by Captain T D Manning CBE VRD RNVR (Ret'd), (Putnam, 1961)
  • Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921, Conway Maritime Press, 1985, Robert Gardiner {{ISBN|0-85177-245-5}}

{{Acheron class destroyer}}

{{WWI British ships}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

Category:Destroyer classes

Category:Ship classes of the Royal Navy