Actinidia polygama#Pets
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Actinidia polygama1SHSU.jpg
|genus = Actinidia
|species = polygama
|authority = (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.
}}
File:Actinidia polygama 02.JPG
Actinidia polygama (also known as silver vine, matatabi and cat powder) is a species of kiwifruit in the family Actinidiaceae. It grows in the mountainous areas of Korea, Japan and China at elevations between {{convert|500|and|1900|m|ft}}.
Name
In Korean, A. polygama is known as 개다래 gaedarae;{{cite book |editor1-last=Lee |editor1-first=Sangtae |editor2-last=Chang |editor2-first=Kae Sun |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |year=2015 |publisher=Korea National Arboretum |location=Pocheon |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |page=338 |url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |access-date=15 March 2019 |via=Korea Forest Service}} in Japanese as マタタビ matatabi; and in Mandarin (Liaoning dialect) as 葛棗子 gézǎozi.
Characteristics
Silver vine can reach up to {{convert|5|–|6|m|ft}} high at maturity. It is a deciduous climber and tolerates temperatures down to {{convert|-30|°C|°F|}}.{{cite web |url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Actinidia+polygama |title=Actinidia polygama|publisher=Plants For A Future |access-date=11 February 2019}} The petiole leaves are silver and white in color and {{convert|6|–|13|cm|in}} long and {{convert|4|–|9|cm|in}} wide. These colorful markings make the plant identifiable from afar, until the flowering season when the leaves turn completely green.
= Flowering =
The flowering season lasts from late June to early July, in which the plant bears white flowers about {{convert|2.5|cm|in|0}} in diameter. The longevity of an individual flower is 2–3 days, when the plant also starts to develop small, yellow to yellow-red, egg-shaped, fleshy, and multiseeded fruits, which mature from September to October. The fruit is about {{convert|1.5|cm|in}} wide and {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in}} long. The inside of the fruit resembles the common kiwifruit, but it is orange in color rather than green.
= Cultivation =
The silver vine plant requires moist, well-drained soil, and partial shade to full sun. This fast-growing vine makes for good cover on a fence or trellis. It is becoming increasingly popular as an edible fruit crop.
Uses
{{More medical citations needed|section|Traditional medicinedate=July 2012|date=November 2024}}
=Traditional medicine=
Silver vine has been used for its medicinal benefits for centuries.Konoshima, 1963 In China, silver vine was used as a preventive health aid, and is still commonly used as an alternative therapy for hypertension, arthritic pain, and was investigated for potential to induce apoptosis in in vitro promyelocytic leukemia.{{cite journal | last1 = Yoshizawa | first1 = Yuko | last2 = Fukiya | first2 = Yoshihiro | last3 = Izumi | first3 = Yoshikatsu | last4 = Hata | first4 = Keishi | last5 = Iwashita | first5 = Jun | last6 = Murofushi | first6 = Noboru | last7 = Abe | first7 = Tatsuya | year = 2002 | title = Induction of Apoptosis with an Extract of Actinidia polygama Fruit in the Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL-60 | url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhs/48/4/48_4_303/_pdf/-char/en | format = PDF |journal=Journal of Health Science |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=303–309 | doi = 10.1248/jhs.48.303 | doi-access = free }} In traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, it has been used for a wide range of health problems, including:
In Korean Buddhism, silver vine was soaked in traditional Korean sauces and used for diuresis, alleviation of pain, hypertension, genital troubles,{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} and bronchitis.{{cite journal | last1 = Kim | first1 = H. | last2 = Song | first2 = M-J. | last3 = Potter | first3 = D. | year = 2005 | title = Medicinal efficacy of plants utilized as temple food in traditional Korean Buddhism | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | volume = 104 | issue = 1–2| pages = 32–46 | pmid = 16216457 | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.041 }}
In ancient times, travelers in Japan used the fruit of silver vine to regain energy.[http://www.love-nature.jp/wataraseherb/herbs_html/matatabi.html www.love-nature.jp] 昔、疲れきった旅人が、マタタビの実を食べて生気を取り戻し、意気洋々とまた旅を続けたという名の由来が次に続く。
Silver vine leaves also have a high content of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, beta-carotene,{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/jf010677l | pmid = 11754554 | last1 = McGhie | first1 = T. K. | last2 = Ainge | first2 = G. D. | year = 2002 | title = Color in fruit of the genus Actinidia: Carotenoid and chlorophyll compositions | journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | volume = 50 | issue = 1| pages = 117–121 | bibcode = 2002JAFC...50..117M }} vitamin C and vitamin E.
=Culinary=
The fruit in the "acorn" shape can be salted and eaten raw, fried in oil, added to rice, or mixed with sesame seeds and mayonnaise to top salads.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} The fruit may also be fermented to make Matatabi sake and miso, fermented into a fruit wine, or extracted for juice.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} The leaves, buds, and stems can also be ground into a powder or cut, steamed, and steeped to make tea.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} Adding mint or sugar can give variations in the tea.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
=Products=
Grinding the leaves and stems into a coarser grind than needed for the tea makes Matatabi grass, which is used as bath salts. The vine is used as material for folk crafts, and the sap is collected to make lotions.
==Pets ==
Silver vine has long been known to elicit euphoric response in cats.{{Cite web|url = http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Actinidia+polygama|title = Actinidia polygama|date = 2012|access-date = 2015-01-09|website = PFAF Database|publisher = PFAF}} The reaction to silver vine is similar to the response to catnip, but appears to be more intense.{{cite journal|last1=Bol|first1=Sebastiaan|title=Responsiveness of cats (Felidae) to silver vine (Actinidia polygama), Tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and catnip (Nepeta cataria)|journal=BMC Veterinary Research|date=16 March 2017|doi=10.1186/s12917-017-0987-6|pmid=28302120|volume=13|issue=1|pmc=5356310|page=70 |doi-access=free }} Silver vine is an alternative to catnip, and many cats that do not react to catnip will respond positively to silver vine powder made from dried fruit galls. Typical behaviors include rolling, chin and cheek rubbing, drooling, and licking. The effect usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but afterwards cats exhibit a refractory period lasting roughly an hour during which they are unresponsive to further dosage.{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abd9135 |pmc=7817105 |title=The characteristic response of domestic cats to plant iridoids allows them to gain chemical defense against mosquitoes |year=2021 |last1=Uenoyama |first1=Reiko |last2=Miyazaki |first2=Tamako |last3=Hurst |first3=Jane L. |last4=Beynon |first4=Robert J. |last5=Adachi |first5=Masaatsu |last6=Murooka |first6=Takanobu |last7=Onoda |first7=Ibuki |last8=Miyazawa |first8=Yu |last9=Katayama |first9=Rieko |last10=Yamashita |first10=Tetsuro |last11=Kaneko |first11=Shuji |last12=Nishikawa |first12=Toshio |last13=Miyazaki |first13=Masao |journal=Science Advances |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=eabd9135 |pmid=33523929 |bibcode=2021SciA....7.9135U |s2cid=231681044 |doi-access=free }}
A study published in January 2021 suggests that felines are specifically attracted to the iridoids nepetalactol and nepetalactone, present in silver vine and catnip, respectively.{{Cite news |last=Moutinho |first=Sofia |date=2021-01-20 |title=Why cats are crazy for catnip |language=en |work=Science |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/why-cats-are-crazy-catnip |access-date=2021-01-28}} The compounds were found to repel mosquitos, and it is hypothesized that rubbing against the plants provides the cats with a chemical coat that protects them against mosquito bites.{{Cite news |last=Wu |first=Katherine J. |date=2021-01-20 |title=Your Cat Isn't Just Getting High Off Catnip |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/science/catnip-mosquito-repellent.html |access-date=2021-01-28 |issn=0362-4331}}
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References
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External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Actinidia species and kiwifruit}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1357333}}
Category:Flora of Primorsky Krai