Aculeata
{{Short description|Infraorder of insects}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| oldest_fossil = Late Jurassic
| image = Vespula vulgaris I.jpg
| image_caption = Vespula vulgaris
| taxon = Aculeata
| authority = (but see text)
| subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
| subdivision =
}}
Aculeata is an infraorder of Hymenoptera containing ants, bees, and stinging wasps. The name is a reference to the defining feature of the group, which is the modification of the ovipositor into a stinger. However, many members of the group cannot sting, either retaining the ovipositor, or having lost it altogether. A large part of the clade is parasitic.
This group includes all of the eusocial Hymenopterans. It is theorized that the possession of a venomous sting was important in the repeated evolution of eusociality within Hymenoptera.
The oldest aculeates are known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan, represented by the family Bethylonymidae, which may be para- or polyphyletic.{{Cite journal|last1=Grimaldi|first1=David A.|last2=Peñalver|first2=Enrique|last3=Barrón|first3=Eduardo|last4=Herhold|first4=Hollister W.|last5=Engel|first5=Michael S.|date=2019-11-07|title=Direct evidence for eudicot pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous stinging wasp (Angiospermae; Hymenoptera, Aculeata) preserved in Burmese amber|journal=Communications Biology|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|page=408 |doi=10.1038/s42003-019-0652-7|pmid=31728419 |pmc=6838090 |issn=2399-3642|doi-access=free}}
Classification
The use of the name Aculeata has a long history at the rank of infraorder or division. The Aculeata are a monophyletic, or good natural group, containing all the descendants of a single common ancestor. The Aculeata are therefore maintained as a taxon, either at infraorder or division rank or as an unranked clade.{{cite journal|journal=Current Biology|volume=23|issue=20|pages=1–5| year=2013|doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050|pmid=24094856| title=Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps| last1=Johnson|first1=Brian R. |first2=Marek L. |last2=Borowiec| first3=Joanna C.|last3=Chiu| first4=Ernest K.|last4=Lee|first5=Joel |last5=Atallah |first6=Philip S. |last6=Ward|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |last1=Branstetter |first1=Michael G. |last2=Danforth |first2=Bryan N. |last3=Pitts |first3=James P. |last4=Faircloth |first4=Brant C. |last5=Ward |first5=Philip S. |last6=Buffington |first6=Matthew L. |last7=Gates |first7=Michael W. |last8=Kula |first8=Robert R. |last9=Brady |first9=Seán G.|title=Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |year=2017 |pages=1019–1025 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027|pmid=28376325 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |author=Schulmeister, S. |date=2003 |title=Simultaneous analysis of basal Hymenoptera (Insecta), introducing robust-choice sensitivity analysis |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=245–275 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00233.x|doi-access=free }}{{cite web |last1=Schulmeister |first1=S. |title=Symphyta |url=http://susanne.schulmeister.com/Symphyta.html |access-date=28 November 2016 |archive-date=21 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621021510/http://susanne.schulmeister.com/Symphyta.html |url-status=dead }}{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free |hdl=2434/801122 |hdl-access=free }}
{{clade|style=font-size: 100%; line-height:100%
|label1=Hymenoptera
|1={{clade
|sublabel2=parasitoidism
|2={{clade
|1=Orussoidea (wood wasps) 45px
|label2=Apocrita
|sublabel2= wasp waist
|2={{clade
|1=Stephanoidea 70px
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|label2=Aculeata
|sublabel2= stinger
|2={{clade
|1=Chrysidoidea (jewel wasps) 60px
|label2=Euaculeata
|2={{clade
|1=Vespoidea (yellowjackets, paper wasps, hornets) 60px
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Pompiloidea 50px
|2={{clade
|1=Thynnoidea
|2=Tiphioidea
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Scolioidea
|2={{clade
|1=Formicoidea (ants) 60px
|2=Apoidea (bees and sphecoid wasps) 60px
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://www.tolweb.org/Aculeata/11184 Tree of Life Web Project]: Aculeata
- [http://bugguide.net/node/view/117315/bgpage] Bugguide.net: Aculeata
- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24094856 Johnson, B. et al. Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps. NCBI]
{{Hymenoptera|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1251421}}
{{Authority control}}