Adderley v. Florida

{{Infobox SCOTUS case

|Litigants=Adderley v. Florida

|ArgueDate=October 18

|ArgueYear=1966

|DecideDate=November 14

|DecideYear=1966

|FullName=Adderley, et al. v. Florida

|USVol=385

|USPage=39

|ParallelCitations=87 S. Ct. 242; 17 L. Ed. 2d 149

|Prior=Adderley v. State, 175 So. 2d 249 (Fla. 1st DCA 1965)

|Subsequent=

|Holding=Because a jail facility is not a public forum and a state may regulate the use of its property, the First Amendment rights of the protesters were not violated.

|Majority=Black

|JoinMajority=Clark, Harlan, Stewart, White

|Dissent=Douglas

|JoinDissent=Warren, Brennan, Fortas

|LawsApplied=U.S. Const. amend. I

}}

Adderley v. Florida, 385 U.S. 39 (1966), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding whether arrests for protesting in front of a jail were constitutional.

Background information

In 1966, a group of students from Florida A&M University demonstrated against racial segregation, and were subsequently arrested. The day after, around 200 FAMU students gathered in front of the Leon County jail to protest their arrest.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

Petitioners, 32 students, were members of a group of about 200 who on a nonpublic jail driveway, which they blocked, and on adjacent county jail premises had, by singing, clapping, and dancing, demonstrated against their schoolmates' arrest and perhaps against segregation in the jail and elsewhere. The sheriff, the jail's custodian, advised them that they were trespassing on county property and would have to leave or be arrested. The 107 demonstrators refusing to depart were thereafter arrested and convicted under a Florida trespass statute for "trespass with a malicious and mischievous intent." Petitioners contend that their convictions, affirmed by the Florida Circuit Court and the District Court of Appeal, deprived them of their "rights of free speech, assembly, petition, due process of law and equal protection of the laws" under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Decision

The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the trespassing conviction in a 5–4 decision. The majority opinion, authored by Justice Black, argued that county jails were not public places and so it did not infringe on their right to assembly. The decision argued that states may protect their property and withhold its use from demonstrators for nondiscriminatory reasons such as protection from damage.{{Cite book |author=Raymond, Walter John |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofpoli0000raym |url-access=registration |quote=Adderley v. Florida. |title=Dictionary of Politics: Selected American and Foreign Political and Legal Terms |year=1992 |publisher=Brunswick Pub. Corp. |location=Lawrenceville, Va. |isbn=1-55618-008-X |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofpoli0000raym/page/672 672] }}{{cite book |author1=Graham, Barbara Luck |author2=Davis, Abraham L. |title=The Supreme Court, race, and civil rights |publisher=Sage Publications |location=Thousand Oaks |year=1995 |pages=147–148 |isbn=0-8039-7220-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1nwaBlns-5QC&dq=%22Adderley+v.+Florida%22&pg=PA147 }}[https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1966/1966_19/ Adderley v. Florida] Oyez Project

=Dissenting opinion=

Justice Douglas authored a dissenting opinion in which Chief Justice Warren and Justices Brennan and Fortas concurred. Douglas argued that the protesters did not engage in or threaten violence or block the entrance of the jail. Public officials should not, according to this vision of the First Amendment, be given discretion to decide which public places can be used for the expression of ideas.385 U.S. at 49–57