Addis Ababa City Administration

In Addis Ababa, the mayor is in charge of the administration of the city.{{Cite web |title=Mayor {{!}} Addis Ababa City Government {{!}} Government of Ethiopia |url=https://cityaddisababa.gov.et/en/mayor |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=cityaddisababa.gov.et}} The lowest administration in Addis Ababa is woreda,{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Status of Local Governance at Woreda/District Level in Ethiopia |url=https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1120&context=africancenter_icad_archive}} which is run by its administrators. Like the federal structure, the woreda administration has an elected council.{{Cite journal |last1=Ayele |last2=Fessha |date=2012 |title=The Constitutional Status of Local Government in Federal Systems: The Case of Ethiopia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africatoday.58.4.89 |journal=Africa Today |language=en |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=89 |doi=10.2979/africatoday.58.4.89 |jstor=10.2979/africatoday.58.4.89 |s2cid=154918214 |issn=0001-9887}}

There are three divisions of judiciary: the First Instance Court, High Court and Supreme Court, and Sharia Courts at both federal and regional levels having three divisions.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=The judiciary and its role in the realisation of constitutional rights |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/23887/05chapter5.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y}}{{Cite journal |last=Fiseha |first=Assefa |date=1 November 2011 |title=Separation of powers and its implications for the judiciary in Ethiopia |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2011.649576 |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=702–715 |doi=10.1080/17531055.2011.649576 |s2cid=143461167 |issn=1753-1055}}{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=World Bank Document |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/14866/313850Ethiopia1L1JSA1Final.pdf?sequence=1}} Sharia courts are typically optional, and can be used for personal and civil case.{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=LEGAL PLURALISM, SHARIA COURTS |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mlr/article/view/68769/56835}}

The civil status documentation requires essential component such as birth, marriage and death in the woreda of residence, where an individual can obtain birth certificate by registration of birth of a child.{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia {{!}} Centre of Excellence for Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems |url=https://crvssystems.ca/country-profile/ethiopia |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=crvssystems.ca}}{{Cite web |title=CRVS – Birth, Marriage and Death Registration in Ethiopia |url=https://data.unicef.org/crvs/ethiopia/ |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=UNICEF DATA |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=CIVIL STATUS |url=https://ambaddisabeba.esteri.it/ambasciata_addisabeba/en/informazioni_e_servizi/servizi_consolari/stato_civile |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=ambaddisabeba.esteri.it |language=en-gb}} Residence identity card is strongly concerned for the same desk. The two documents are precedent to obtain national passport, which is issued by the Immigration Nationality and Vital Events Agency located at the city level.{{Cite web |title=IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP SERVICE |url=https://www.invea.gov.et/ |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=www.invea.gov.et}} The fees of insurance is higher than for civil status, requiring 600 ETB, the latter one is nominal.{{Cite arXiv |date=26 September 2022 |title=Willingness to Pay for Community-Based Health Insurance |eprint=1912.04281 |author1=Melaku Haile Likka |author2=Shimeles Ololo Sinkie |last3=Megerssa |first3=Berhane |class=econ.GN }}

People sometimes have trouble calling police, which is the first point to report security incidents.{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Ethiopian police, Muslims clash in Addis Ababa during Idd prayers – VIDEO |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/gunshots-idd-prayers-ethiopia-3802716 |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=The East African |language=en}} Uniformed police often solve minor disputes and conflicts over farmland in the outskirts of the city, water and pasture and other communal assets. There is also police impersonation in Addis Ababa. In June 2022, two suspects were apprehended named Bayissa Gemechu and Merga Garuma in the fraudulent I.D. that is used to carry out acts of robbery Addis Ababa.{{Cite web |last=Account |date=9 June 2022 |title=Robbery with a false identity as Federal Police special units |url=https://borkena.com/2022/06/08/ethiopia-robbery-in-the-name-of-federal-police/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Borkena Ethiopian News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Robbery with a false identity as Federal Police special units |url=http://newssummedup.com/a/mi1ife |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=News Summed Up |language=en}}

Primary and secondary education is the responsibility of Regional Education Bureaus.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Chapter 1 Background of the Project |url=http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11731486_09.PDF}}{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR ANALYSIS REPORT – ETHIOPIA |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12083135.pdf}} In each woreda, there are office departments that oversee/manage the education.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=School Management and Decision-making |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08a74e5274a27b20005d7/yl-wp86_abebe.pdf}}

Enrollment in primary and secondary education is free at first, parents need to cover the cost of educational material and uniforms. From grade 1 and 4, the primary instructional languages are Amharic and Oromo.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=using afaan oromoo as primary language of learning |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/70592/Ikome_Using_2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Browsing Linguistics by Title – AAU Institutional Repository |url=http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/176/browse?rpp=20&sort_by=1&type=title&offset=13&etal=-1&order=ASC}} In grade 12, if students fail to enroll in university, they orient to vocational school based on curriculum based. A student can obtain certificate after one year of study and a diploma after three years.{{Cite journal |last1=Melese |first1=Solomon |last2=Tadege |first2=Aschale |date=1 January 2019 |editor-last=Agosto |editor-first=Vonzell |title=The Ethiopian curriculum development and implementation vis-à-vis Schwab's signs of crisis in the field of curriculum |journal=Cogent Education |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1633147 |doi=10.1080/2331186X.2019.1633147|doi-access=free }}{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Ethiopian Education Development Roadmap (2018-30) |url=https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_education_development_roadmap_2018-2030.pdf}}

At the level of tertiary education, certificates obtained through asylum have to go through a equivalent mechanism to be valid in Ethiopia.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=The Quest for Refugee Higher Education in Ethiopia |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/29682/Habtemariam_2019_Refugee_Education.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n}} For foreign nationals, the admission of Ethiopian higher education is not automatically qualify, instead they undergo equivalent assessment or verification of foreign certificates with Education Relevance and Quality Agency (HERQA).{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency (HERQA) |url=https://www.chea.org/international-directory/higher-education-relevance-and-quality-agency}}{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency (HERQA) |url=https://nanopdf.com/download/accreditation-list-2013-english_pdf}} Once the process is completed, a student will enroll to Addis Ababa or Ambo University.

They will have to sign a cost sharing commitment with the government for the tuition fee, 75% of whom covered by the government.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Ethiopian Education Development Roadmap (2018–30) |url=https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_education_development_roadmap_2018-2030.pdf}} Students assigned to any universities of the country by the Ministry of Education (MoE) after completion of grade 12 and scoring the minimum grade point average set by the MoE or through special placement exams.{{Cite web |last=Monitor |first=Ethiopian |date=14 March 2022 |title=Ministry of Education Announces University Entrance Points |url=https://ethiopianmonitor.com/2022/03/14/ministry-of-education-announces-university-entrance-points/ |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=Ethiopian Monitor |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=HIGHER EDUCATION ENTRANCE STUDENT PLACEMENT |url=http://mameamin.6te.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/HIGHER-EDUCATION-ENTRANCE-STUDENT-PLACEMENT-PROCESSING-AND-RETRIEVAL-SYSTEM.pdf}}

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Category:Government of Ethiopia

Category:Addis Ababa