Adelup Point

{{main|Geology of Guam}}

Adelup Point is composed of Mariana limestone, specifically Quaternary reef facies. Qtmr reef facies are "massive, generally compact, porous, and cavernous white

limestone of reef origin, especially along cliff faces, made up mostly of corals in position of growth in matrix of encrusting calcareous algae." The coastline to the east and west comprises deposits of beach sand and gravel.{{cite web |title=Preliminary Assessment - Asan Beach Unit, War in the Pacific National Historical Park - Asan, Guam |url=http://65.175.100.54/uxofiles/enclosures/asan_Beach_PA_Report.pdf |website=National Park Service |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=December 2003}} East of the promontory is the mouth of the Fonte River, located in the residential district of Anigua.

File:Chonito Cliff-Adelup Point 1944.jpg overlooking the bombarded Adelup Point during the 1944 Battle of Guam]]

Prior to the Japanese invasion of Guam in 1941, the highest point on Adelup was the location of the "Atkins-Kroll house". Atkins, Kroll, and Co. was a San Francisco-based trading company.{{cite web |title=A Snap Shot of AK History |url=http://content-static.guampdn.com/guampublishing/special-sections/ak/index-1.html |website=Pacific Daily News |access-date=30 March 2021}} Atkins-Kroll was a major exporter of copra from Guam.{{cite web |title=The Defense of Guam: Pre-War Guam |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extContent/wapa/defense/defense5.htm |website=War in the Pacific NHP |access-date=30 March 2021}} After the invasion, the Atkins-Kroll house was used by the Japanese military commander for recreation.{{cite web |title=Liberation 2006: WWII Memorial Vista Sites |url=http://content-static.guampdn.com/guampublishing/special-sections/liberation2006/sites.html |website=Pacific Daily News}}

During the Japanese occupation of Guam from 1941 to 1944, Adelup Point was extensively fortified by the Imperial Japanese Navy, including with a battery of coastal guns.{{cite web |title=War in the Pacific National Historical Park Guam |url=https://pacificwrecks.com/restore/usa/war-in-the-pacific.html |website=pacificwrecks.com |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en}} Adelup Point was the eastern edge of the Asan Invasion Beach used by U.S. forces as the northern invasion beach on July 21, 1944 that began the Liberation of Guam. The site of fierce fighting, the promontory was captured by the end of the invasion day. There are seven pillboxes, caves, and other Japanese defensive works identified on Adelup. One work was dug under the large concrete foundation of the Atkins-Kroll House.{{cite web |title=Historic Resource Study (Asan Beach Unit, Asan Inland Unit and Fonte Plateau Unit) |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/wapa/hrs/hrsb1.htm |website=War in the Pacific NHP |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=March 7, 2005}} During the battle, it became an American command post.{{cite web |title=Peeling Back Time: Touring Guam's WWII historical sites |url=https://guam.stripes.com/travel/peeling-back-time-touring-guams-wwii-historical-sites |website=Stripes Guam |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en |date=3 September 2015}}

In early 1945, the headquarters of the 5th Naval Construction Brigade under Commodore William O. Hiltabidle was located at Adelup.{{cite web |title=5th Naval Construction Brigade: Historical Information |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/Brigades-WWII/05%20NCBr.pdf |website=Naval History and Heritage Command |access-date=30 March 2021}} Later, a military officers' club was established at Adelup, apparently on the Atkins-Kroll building foundation. For a period in the 1960s into the 1970s, Adelup Elementary School provided schooling for grades 1-6. In 1978, War in the Pacific National Historical Park was established. The western shore and tip of Adelup Point fall within the Park. Adelup was once{{when|date=March 2021}} part of Asan-Maina before being annexed into Hagåtña so that Hagåtña remains the seat of the Government of Guam.{{cn|date=March 2021}} In 1994, the Guam Museum, which had not had a permanent home since its previous building was destroyed during the American liberation of Guam, opened an exhibition hall at Adelup. It operated here until 2002, when it was damaged by Typhoon Chataan and Typhoon Pongsona, and forced to close.{{cite web |last1=Tolentino |first1=Domenica |last2=Murphy |first2=Shannon |title=Guam Museum |url=https://www.guampedia.com/guam-museum/ |website=Guampedia |access-date=23 March 2021 |date=February 5, 2019}}

File:Latte Monument of Freedom Guam (12693451215).jpg

In March 2010, the {{convert|80|ft|m}}-tall Latte of Freedom of opened at Adelup as a viewing platform over the adjacent waters. Though greatly changed from its original concept, it is meant to embody the strength of CHamoru culture with the shape of the latte stone. The Latte of Freedom is located next to the site of the old Guam Museum, which was converted into a Hall of Governors facility, commemorating the governors since the signing of the Guam Organic Act of 1950.{{cite web |last1=San Nicolas |first1=Chelsea |title=Latte of Freedom |url=https://www.guampedia.com/latte-of-freedom/ |website=Guampedia |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=October 14, 2019}}

Besides the offices of the Governor and some government agencies, variously WWII-related fortifications, the Latte of Freedom, and the Hall of Governors, Adelup also contains:

• a WWII-era Japanese Type 10 120 mm AA gun used for coastal defense, with nearby small Shinto shrine and torii gate in promotion of peace{{cite web |title=Japanese Coastal Defense Gun Adelup Point - Hagatna |url=https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/103118/Japanese-Coastal-Defense-Gun-Adelup-Point.htm |website=TracesOfWar.com |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en}}
• bronze statues erected in 1994 of two Chamorro scouts leading U.S. Marines after their landing on Guam{{cite web |title=Explore Guam - Out and About |url=http://content-static.guampdn.com/guampublishing/special-sections/ExploreGU/outandAbout.html |website=Pacific Daily News |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=July 2008}}{{cite web |title=Statue Adelup Point Chamorro Scouts - Hagatna |url=https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/119435/Statue-Adelup-Point-Chamorro-Scouts.htm |website=TracesOfWar.com |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en}}
• a grassy field used for sports{{cite web |title=LA Galaxy Kicks Off Three-Day Camp At Adelup |url=https://www.guamsportsnetwork.com/2017/la-galaxy-kicks-off-three-day-camp-adelup/ |website=Guam Sports Network |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=November 28, 2017}} and occasional military helicopter training by the Guam Army National Guard{{cite web |title=Guam Army National Guard announces Aviation Annual Training |url=https://guam.stripes.com/community-news/guam-army-national-guard-announces-aviation-annual-training |website=Stripes Guam |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en |date=7 June 2018}}
• a memorial monument for the crew lost in the 2008 B-52 crash off the coast of Guam{{cite web |last1=Bahret |first1=Brian |title=Guam Airmen honor fallen aircrew with memorial |url=https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/119675/guam-airmen-honor-fallen-aircrew-with-memorial/ |website=U.S. Air Force |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=July 21, 2009}}
• a 2018 replica of The Lone Sailor, sponsored by the United States Navy Memorial, in commemoration of the role of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard in Operation New Life, the care and processing of about 110,000 South Vietnamese refugees following the Fall of Saigon in 1975.{{cite web |last1=Lopez |first1=Christian |title=Navy's newest Lone Sailor statue now stands watch on Guam |url=https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/navy-s-newest-lone-sailor-statue-now-stands-watch-on-guam-1.561270 |website=Stars and Stripes |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=December 19, 2018}}{{cite web |title=Lone Sailor Statue on Guam |url=https://www.navymemorial.org/lone-sailor-statue-guam |website=United States Navy Memorial |access-date=30 March 2021}} The statue looks north towards Ritidian Point, is located next to a large replica of the Seal of Guam and is surrounded by 19 benches representing the Villages of Guam.{{cite web |last1=Cruz |first1=Manny |title=GovGuam, Navy officials unveil Lone Sailor at Adelup |url=https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/2018/12/15/govguam-navy-officials-unveil-lone-sailor-adelup/2321562002/ |website=Pacific Daily News |access-date=30 March 2021 |date=December 15, 2018}}
• Adelup is the start point for the annual Liberation Day Parade

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{{Hagåtña, Guam}}

Category:Hagåtña, Guam

Category:Headlands of Guam

Category:Promontories