Adenomera andreae
{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Italic title}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Adenomera andreae.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Adenomera andreae
| authority = (Müller, 1923)
| synonyms = Leptodactylus andreae Müller, 1923
}}
Adenomera andreae (common name: lowland tropical bullfrog) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
It is found in the lowlands of northern South America east of the Andes (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela).{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leptodactylinae/Adenomera/Adenomera-andreae |title=Adenomera andreae (Müller, 1923) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=1 August 2014}} As currently defined, it probably represents a cryptic species complex, comprising perhaps four species.{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leptodactylinae/Adenomera |title=Adenomera Steindachner, 1867 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=1 August 2014}}
Description
File:Adenomera andreae (10.5852-ejt.2022.836.1919) Figure 1 (cropped).png, Brazil]]
Adenomera andreae are small frogs, usually less than {{convert|30|mm|abbr=on}} in adult body length. Dorsum is grayish brown to beige, occasionally with dark brown spots, and rarely with a vertebral dark brown stripe and/or dorsolateral orangish yellow stripe. The ventral surfaces are white. Iris is chestnut.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2988/0006-324X-125.4.317| title = Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: Illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis| journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington| volume = 125| issue = 4| pages = 317–578| year = 2013| last1 = Cole | first1 = C. J. | last2 = Townsend | first2 = C. R. | last3 = Reynolds | first3 = R. P. | last4 = MacCulloch | first4 = R. D. | last5 = Lathrop | first5 = A. | s2cid = 86665287}}
Eggs are laid in foam nests on the ground. Tadpoles are terrestrial: they are endotrophic and develop in the nest. Recruitment of juveniles is synchronized with rainfall.{{cite journal |author=Glória Moreira |author2=Albertina P. Lima |name-list-style=amp |year=1991 |title=Seasonal patterns of juvenile recruitment and reproduction in four species of leaf litter frogs in central Amazonia |journal=Herpetologica |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=295–300 |jstor=3892620 }}
Its predators include large tarantulas.{{Cite web|title=Tiny Frogs and Giant Spiders: Best of Friends|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/tiny-frogs-and-giant-spiders-best-of-friends/|last=Naish|first=Darren|website=Scientific American Blog Network|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}
Habitat
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, but it can also be found in open environments such as grasslands surrounded by forest habitats. It is threatened by habitat loss from clear cutting.