Adipokine

{{Short description|Type of cytokines secreted by adipose tissue}}

The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek {{lang|grc-Latn|adipo-}}, fat; {{lang|grc-Latn|cytos-}}, cell; and {{lang|grc-Latn|-kinos}}, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue. Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Mancuso P | title = The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation | journal = ImmunoTargets and Therapy | volume = 5 | issue = 2016 | pages = 47–56 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27529061 | doi = 10.2147/ITT.S73223 | pmc = 4970637 | doi-access = free }} The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994.{{cite journal |vauthors=Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez R, López V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O | title=Adipokines: BioFactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity | journal= BioFactors | volume=37 | issue=6 | year=2011 | pages=413–420 | doi=10.1002/biof.185 | pmid=22038756| hdl=20.500.11940/3445 | hdl-access=free }} Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered.{{cite journal |vauthors=Lehr S, Hartwig S, Sell H | title=Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders | journal=Proteomics: Clinical Applications | volume=6 | issue=1–2 | year=2012 | pages=91–101 | doi=10.1002/prca.201100052 | pmid=22213627| s2cid=19427071 }}

Members include:

• Leptin
• Adiponectin
• ApelinGuo L, Li Q, Wang W, Yu P, Pan H, Li P, Sun Y, Zhang J. Endocr Res. 2009; 34(4):142–154.
• chemerinMacDougald1, Ormond A. and Burant, Charles F. (September 2007) "The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines" Cell Metabolism 6: pp. 159–161
• interleukin-6 (IL-6)Monzillo, Lais U. (2003) "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance" Obesity Research 11(9): pp. 1048–1054
• monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)Christiansen T., Richelsen B., and Bruun J.M. (2005) "Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects" International Journal of Obesity 29: pp. 146–150
• plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
• retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
• tumor necrosis factor{{cite journal | vauthors=Sethi JK, Hotamisligil GS | title=Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor | journal=Nature Metabolism | volume=3 | issue=10 | pages=1302–1312 | year=2021 | doi = 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z | pmid=34650277 | s2cid=238991468 | doi-access=free }}
• visfatin
• omentin
• vaspin (SERPINA12)
• progranulin
• CTRP-4

Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated with excessive body weight.{{cite journal|last=Sharabiani|first=MT|author2=Vermeulen R|author3=Scoccianti C|author4=Hosnijeh FS|author5=Minelli L|author6=Sacerdote C|author7=Palli D|author8=Krogh V|author9= Tumino R|author10=Chiodini P|author11= Panico S|author12=Vineis P.|title=Immunologic profile of excessive body weight|journal=Biomarkers|date=May 2011|volume=16|issue=3|pages=243–251|doi=10.3109/1354750X.2010.547948|pmid=21506696|s2cid=36127785 }}