Aditya I
{{Short description|Chola emperor from 871 to 905}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = Rajakesari Varman,
Tondaimanarrur Tunjina Udaiyar,
Kodandarama
| image = aditya territories.png
| alt =
| caption = Chola Territories c. 905 CE
| succession = Chola Emperor
| reign = {{circa|871|907}}
| predecessor = Vijayalaya Chola
| successor = Parantaka I
| spouse = Tribhuvanamadeviyar
Ilangon Pichchi
| spouse-type = Queens
| issue = Parantaka Chola I
Kannara Devan
| house =
| father = Vijayalaya Chola
| mother = Anaghavati
| religion = Hinduism
| dynasty = Chola
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Pazhayarai, Pallava Empire
(7km from present-day Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India)
| death_date = 907
| death_place = Tondaimanarrur, Chola Kingdom
(present-day Srikalahasti, Andhra Pradesh, India)
}}
{{chola history}}
Aditya Chola I, the son of Vijayalaya Chola, was the Chola king who laid the foundation of the Chola Empire with the conquest of the Pallava Kingdom and the occupation of the Western Ganga Kingdom and Kongu Nadu.{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=46–49}} Aditya Chola I was succeeded by his eldest son Parantaka Chola I.
Battle of Sripurambiyam
{{Main|Battle of Thirupurambiyam}}
In 878 CE, Pandyan king Varagunavarman II invaded the Chola country to check the Pallava influence. But Varagunavarman was opposed by Aparajita, the son of Nriputungavarman Pallava, who had become yuvaraja. Aditya Chola I and Western Ganga king Prithvipati I supported Aparajita in the battle happened at Sripurambiyam. The Pandyan monarch suffered a crushing defeat, although Prithvipati I lost his life in the battle. Aditya Chola gained some new territory from his Pallava overlord after this victory.{{Cite book |last=K.A. |first=Nilakanta Sastri |title=A History of South India from Prehistoric to the Fall of Vijayanagar |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1955 |pages=Page=166-167 |language=English}}
Conquest of Tondaimandalam and Kongu Nadu
Aditya Chola I did not rest content with his subordinate position. So he planned to overthrow the Pallavas. He invaded Tondai nadu in 897 CE and in a battle that ensued, he pounced upon Aparajita when he was mounted on an elephant and slew him. The whole of the Pallava kingdom now became Chola territory. The Western Ganga king Prithvipati II acknowledged the suzerainty of Aditya Chola. Aditya next conquered the Kongu Nadu from Pandyan king Parantaka Viranarayanan.{{Cite book |last=K.A. |first=Nilakanta Sastri |title=A History of South India from Prehistoric to the Fall of Vijayanagar |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1955 |pages=Page=167 |language=English}} This campaign was possibly supported by Sthanu Ravi, the Chera ruler of Kerala.{{Cite journal |last=Ali |first=Daud |date=2017 |title=Companionship, Loyalty and Affiliation in Chola South India |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0257643016677455?journalCode=siha |journal=Studies in History |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=36–60 |doi= |issn=}}{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M. G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ&q=perumals+of+kerala |title=Perumals of Kerala |publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn=9788188765072 |location=Thrissur (Kerala) |pages=435-437 |orig-date=1972}}
Death and Succession
In an inscription, Aditya I is distinguished by the epithet in Tamil:
தொண்டைமானரூர் துஞ்சின உடையார்
Thondaimaanaruur thunjina udaiyaar
"The King who died at Tondaimanarrur"
Aditya I died in 907 CE at Tondaimanarrur in Srikalahasti. His son Parantaka I built a Shiva temple over his ashes. Aditya I was survived by his queens Ilangon Pichchi and Vayiri Akkan alias Tribhuvana Madeviyar. Besides these two queens, Aditya I also had a mistress named Nangai Sattaperumanar as evidenced from an inscription.
References
{{reflist}}
- Tamil And Sanskrit Inscriptions Chiefly Collected in 1886-87, E. Hultzsch, PhD, Published by Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi
- Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984).
- Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=Chola|before=Vijayalaya Chola|after=Parantaka Chola I |years=871–907 CE}}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aditya 01}}
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:Year of death uncertain