Adobe AIR#Features

Using AIR, developers can access functionality including text, vector graphics, raster graphics, video, audio, camera, and microphone capability. AIR also includes additional features such as file system integration, native client extensions, desktop integration and access to connected devices. AIR enables applications to work with data in different ways, including using local files, local SQLite databases (for which AIR has built-in support), a database server, or the encrypted local store included with AIR.

Developers can access additional functionality by building AIR Native Extensions, which can access full device functionality being programmed in the native language.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/air/build/WS597e5dadb9cc1e0253f7d2fc1311b491071-8000.html Using native extensions for Adobe AIR], Adobe Help Center

On desktop platforms, AIR supports:

• Window management – Opening multiple windows, minimizing, maximizing and resizing AIR windows.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d118666ade46-7e09.html Basics of native windows in AIR], Adobe Help Center
• Menu bar – Adding a native menu bar to AIR windows, with sub menus and custom menu items.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d118666ade46-7de8.html Creating native menus (AIR)], Adobe Help Center
• File management – Discovering drives, files and folders on the PC, creating and deleting files, renaming, copying and moving files.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d118666ade46-7d8d.html Working with files], Adobe Help Center
• Console applications – Executing native applications with command-line arguments, and receiving feedback via standard I/O & error streams.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSb2ba3b1aad8a27b060d22f991220f00ad8a-8000.html Communicating with native processes in AIR], Adobe Help Center
• Multithreading – Managing multiple threads, to execute ActionScript 3 code in the background without freezing the user interface.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WS0191790375a6482943a72da3138ec8eec7e-8000.html Using workers for concurrency], Adobe Help Center
• Web browser – View HTML web pages with full CSS and JavaScript support within applications, with the integrated WebKit-based web browser.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/air/build/WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d118666ade46-7ecc.html Creating your first HTML-based AIR application with the AIR SDK], Adobe Help Center
• Clipboard access – Programmatically copy or paste text, bitmaps or files into the system clipboard.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WS88A6374C-1D6C-4faa-968C-5354C78587E2.html Copy and paste], Adobe Help Center
• Drag-and-drop – Allows users to drag text, bitmaps or files into AIR applications.[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WS5b3ccc516d4fbf351e63e3d118666ade46-7e8a.html Drag and drop in AIR], Adobe Help Center

On mobile platforms, AIR supports many mobile hardware features:

• 3D hardware-accelerated graphics rendering (using Stage3D)
• Touch-screen events (including multi-touch gestures)[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSb2ba3b1aad8a27b0-6ffb37601221e58cc29-8000.html Touch, multitouch and gesture input], ActionScript 3.0 Developer's Guide, Adobe
• Device camera and microphone access (including video encoding for recorded video)
• Accelerometer and geo-location sensor input (GPS or otherwise)[http://help.adobe.com/en_US/as3/dev/WSb2ba3b1aad8a27b036ae443e1221e57e23b-8000.html Accelerometer input], ActionScript 3.0 Developer’s Guide, Adobe[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/quick_start_as/quickstarts/qs_as_geolocation_api.html Using the Adobe AIR Geolocation APIs on Android], Adobe Developer Connection
• Networking with HTTP, TCP and UDP protocols
• AIR Gamepad - allows mobile applications to serve as secondary displays and controllers for games.{{Cite web|url=https://helpx.adobe.com/air/archived-docs-download.html|title=Adobe Flash Runtimes | Documentation archives and downloads|website=helpx.adobe.com}}

In 2011, the addition of Stage3D allowed AIR apps access to GPUs for hardware acceleration. Several third-party frameworks have been developed to build upon the functionality of Stage3D, including the Starling Framework and Away3D. These frameworks are also compatible with AIR, and provide vital performance improvements to AIR apps published for mobile devices.

AIR apps can be augmented in functionality with the usage of AIR Native Extensions (ANEs). Native extensions are plug-in code libraries that contain native code wrapped with an ActionScript API,[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/native-extensions-for-air.html Native extensions for Adobe AIR], AIR Devnet allowing developers to access native features not otherwise usable in AIR, such as Apple Game Center or Google Cloud Messaging.

Native extensions may be developed by anyone using publicly available tools;{{Cite web|url=https://help.adobe.com/en_US/air/extensions/air_extensions.pdf|title=Developing Native Extensions for ADOBE® AIR|website=help.adobe.com}} some are distributed for free or even as open source, while others are sold commercially.{{Cite web|url=https://helpx.adobe.com/air/archived-docs-download.html?PID=3662453|title=Adobe Flash Runtimes | Documentation archives and downloads|website=helpx.adobe.com}}

Native extensions may be programmed in the native language on each platform, allowing access to the full set of platform APIs provided by the developer. (C++ for Windows, Java and C++ for Android, Objective-C for iOS).

AIR is a cross-platform technology and AIR applications can be repackaged with few or no changes for many popular desktop and mobile platforms. Different installation options exist for each platform.

AIR applications may be published with or without the AIR runtime. Applications packaged with the AIR runtime are larger in file size, and are known as "captive runtime" applications.[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/customize-setup-for-AIR-app-with-captive-runtime.html Generating a Windows installer for your AIR captive runtime application], Adobe Developer Connection If the runtime is not embedded in the app, it must be installed separately.

In January 2009, Adobe claimed that there were over 100 million installations of Adobe AIR worldwide, and that "the majority of AIR runtime installations occur at the time the first AIR application is installed by a user".{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2009/01/air_passes_100_million_install.html?sdid=EENCL|first=Adrian|last=Ludwig|work=Adobe AIR Team Blog|date=January 28, 2009|title=AIR passes 100 million installations|publisher=Adobe Systems|access-date=March 15, 2011|archive-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122133129/https://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2009/01/air_passes_100_million_install.html?sdid=EENCL|url-status=dead}} In May 2014, Adobe claimed that over 100,000 unique applications were built on AIR, and over 1 billion installations of the same were logged from users across the world.

Adobe AIR, version 32, contains Adobe Flash Player 32, and is available for Windows 7 and later, as well as OS X 10.9 and later. Desktop Linux distributions were available until June 2011 with version 2.6, which ended Linux support.{{Cite web|url=https://helpx.adobe.com/air/kb/install-air-2-64-bit.html|title=How to install Adobe AIR 2 for 64-bit Linux systems|website=helpx.adobe.com}}

Adobe AIR applications can be published as native phone applications on certain mobile operating systems, such as Android (ARM Cortex-A8 and above{{cite news |url=http://www.flashmobileblog.com/2010/03/02/flash-player-10-1-installations-and-updates/ |title=Flash Player 10.1 – Installations and updates |access-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008031022/http://www.flashmobileblog.com/2010/03/02/flash-player-10-1-installations-and-updates/ |archive-date=October 8, 2010 |url-status=usurped }}) and Apple iOS.[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/ios_features_in_air26.html iOS features in Adobe AIR 2.6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925184916/http://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/ios_features_in_air26.html |date=September 25, 2012 }}, Adobe Devnet In May 2017, Adobe stopped releasing AIR for Android, and the app was eventually removed from the Play Store in September 2018, but it can still be downloaded through their website.{{Cite web|url=https://community.adobe.com/t5/air/adobe-air-not-found-on-google-play-for-some-android-users/m-p/10102123#M53142|title=Re: Adobe air not found on google play for some android users|date=2018-09-17|website=Adobe|language=en|access-date=2020-02-23}} After Adobe's transition of AIR to Harman, they resumed support for Android and the latest version is only available there.

The following table explains to what extent Adobe AIR can run on various mobile operating systems:

AIR runs applications within a contained Flash Player instance. It runs web applications via WebKit rendering engine. Multiple instances of the browser can be started within a single AIR application, but JavaScript content executes with some security limitations.

AIR does not provide direct access to native GUI elements such as navigation bars or controls. Native extensions can be used to access additional native resources.

The AIR SDK is available as a free standalone download for software developers to make AIR applications.[https://airsdk.harman.com/runtime Adobe AIR - Runtimes for end user download]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, airsdk.harman.com SDK users do not need to install any commercial software to use the SDK, although several options are available. AIR apps can be compiled from the command line using the AIR compiler included in the SDK; the compiler can also be called from an IDE to eliminate the need for the command line.

AIR can also be used with Adobe Flex.[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/flex-sdk-download.html Adobe Flex SDK Download Page], Adobe.com Flex is an integrated collection of stylable graphical user interface, data manipulation and networking components, and applications built upon it are known as "Flex" applications. Flex GUIs are defined in MXML, similar to how Android and Microsoft Visual Studio define GUIs; however, Flex does not give access to native GUI components.

AIR applications built without the Flex framework allow greater flexibility and performance, and are known as "pure ActionScript" applications.[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/devices/articles/optimize-performance-apps-tv.html Optimizing performance of applications for connected TVs], Adobe Developer Connection{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141015232622/http://blog.flexwiz.net/top-10-performance-killers-in-your-air-application/ Top 10 Performance Killers in your AIR Application]}}, FlexWiz[http://gregsramblings.com/2011/09/06/flex-vs-actionscript-the-debate-gets-new-life/ Flex versus ActionScript – the debate gets new life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209053718/http://gregsramblings.com/2011/09/06/flex-vs-actionscript-the-debate-gets-new-life/ |date=December 9, 2014 }}, Greg's Ramblings Video games built on the AIR platform are typically pure-Actionscript projects. Various open-source component frameworks are available for pure ActionScript projects, such as MadComponents, that provide UI Components at significantly smaller SWF file sizes.[http://madskool.wordpress.com/2011/06/07/pure-actionscript-madcomponents-vs-flash-builder-4-5/ Pure ActionScript + MadComponents vs. Flash Builder 4.5], MobileAppDev[http://crosbymichael.com/flex-45-vs-pure-as3.html Flex 4.5 vs Pure AS3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021065503/http://www.crosbymichael.com/flex-45-vs-pure-as3.html |date=October 21, 2011 }}, Michael Crosby

Adobe distributes three commercial software products for developing of AIR applications in ActionScript:

• Adobe Flash Builder (enterprise application development and debugging)
• Adobe Animate (graphics design, animation and scripting toolset)
• Adobe Scout (visual profiler for performance optimization)

Third-party development environments that target the AIR runtime are also available, including:

• [https://moonshine-ide.com/ Moonshine IDE], a free IDE built with Apache Flex and Adobe Air. It can be used to create ActionScript 3, Apache Flex, Apache Royale and Feathers projects from Moonshine. It also provides cloud support.
• FlashDevelop, an open-source Flash ActionScript IDE, which includes a debugger for AIR applications
• Powerflasher FDT, a commercial ActionScript IDE
• CodeDrive, an extension to Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 for ActionScript 3 development and debugging
• IntelliJ IDEA, a commercial IDE supporting ActionScript 3 development and debugging
• [https://as3mxml.com AS3 & MXML for VSCode], a powerful extension capable to turn the popular Microsoft free editor Visual Studio Code in a complete AIR IDE

Adobe Flash Builder is the premium tool for Flex application development, since it includes an integrated drag-and-drop user interface builder, not found in competing tools like FlashDevelop.[https://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/videotraining/exercises/ex1_02.html "Creating an application user interface"], Adobe Developer Connection

Adobe provides for AIR, HTML5 and JavaScript development with Adobe Dreamweaver CS5, although any other HTML editor or text editor can be used.{{cite web|url=https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/getting_started_air_js.html|title=Getting started with Adobe AIR for HTML/JavaScript developers|publisher=Adobe Systems|access-date=March 15, 2011|date=August 24, 2010}}

AIR can run a subset of JavaScript, with no ability to dynamically execute code when running in the application sandbox. According to Adobe, this restriction is designed to prevent malicious remote content from attacking a user's system.{{cite web|url=http://help.adobe.com/en_US/AIR/1.5/air_security/air_security.pdf|year=2008|page=6|publisher=Adobe Systems|access-date=March 24, 2011|title=ADOBE® AIR™ 1.5 Security White Paper}} Because of this restriction, JavaScript frameworks that make use of dynamic JavaScript functions like eval() were not initially compatible with AIR. However, several frameworks including Dojo Toolkit,{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} jQuery,{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} and ExtJS{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} were updated to run in AIR's application sandbox. Some frameworks like MooTools were already compatible.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Dreamweaver CS4/CS3 requires an additional extension to compile AIR applications,{{cite web|url=https://www.adobe.com/products/air/tools/ajax/#section-2|title=Adobe - AIR: Tools for Ajax|publisher=Adobe Systems|access-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110414150137/http://www.adobe.com/products/air/tools/ajax/ |archive-date=April 14, 2011 |url-status= live}} as does Flash CS3 in the form of an update.{{cite web|url=https://www.adobe.com/support/flash/downloads.html#flashCS4|date=November 17, 2008|quote=Adobe AIR 1.5 Update for Flash CS4 Professional|title=Adobe Flash - Downloads|publisher=Adobe Systems|access-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110303084259/http://www.adobe.com/support/flash/downloads.html |archive-date=March 3, 2011 |url-status= live}}

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