Adornment
{{short description|Accessory or ornament worn to enhance the beauty or status of the wearer}}
Image:Bundu girls whitened.jpg is the adornment of bodies and faces with markings produced by the smearing on by the fingers of a substance called "wojeh", composed of white clay and animal fat.]]
File:Calabar adornments Bird Feather stalks.jpg
An adornment is generally an accessory or ornament worn to enhance the beauty or status of the wearer. They are often worn to embellish, enhance, or distinguish the wearer, and to define cultural, social, or religious status within a specific community. When worn to show economic status, the items are often either rare or prohibitively expensive to others. Adornments are usually colourful, and worn to attract attention.
They have a long history, around the world, from feathers or bone, to modern accessories, such as jewellery.{{cite web|url=http://www.transoxiana.org/0110/neva-jewelry.html |title=Types and Forms of Ancient Jewelry from Central Asia - Neva - Transoxiana 10 |publisher=Transoxiana.org |access-date=2010-07-30| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100721172044/http://www.transoxiana.org/0110/neva-jewelry.html| archive-date= 21 July 2010 | url-status= live}} Items of adornment are also used by warriors, and by other members of the military to show rank or achievement.{{cite web|url=http://areainfo.asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/english/areainfo/adornments_e.html |title=Adornments of the Samburu in Northern Kenya: A Comprehensive List 21COE |publisher=Areainfo.asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp |access-date=2010-07-30}}
Items of adornment
These include cosmetics, jewellery, clothing accessories, facial hair, fingernail modification, piercing, lip plates, tattooing, braiding, and headgear.
Cultures, subcultures, and institutions
Groups who practice adornment include the yakuza, military, religious institutions, tribal groups, and the punk culture.{{cite book | isbn=978-0313336959 |title=Greenwood Publishing Group|last1=Demello |first1=Margo |year=2007 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}
Items of adornment can tell us about a person's rank, social status, gender role, area of origin, etc. An example would be the beaded jewelry worn by the Maasai tribe, which is very specific to them and some related tribes.
In Islamic culture, adornments have included caps such as the kufi and taqiyah for men,{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhU7EAAAQBAJ&dq=kufi+cap+adornment&pg=PT26 | title=Embodying Black Religions in Africa and Its Diasporas | isbn=978-1-4780-1311-2 | last1=Covington-Ward | first1=Yolanda | last2=Jouili | first2=Jeanette S. | date=9 August 2021 | publisher=Duke University Press }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/fashionbeauty/2005/jan/14/fashion-beauty-14-01-2005-004.htm|title=Senior caps|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326195403/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/fashionbeauty/2005/jan/14/fashion-beauty-14-01-2005-004.htm|archive-date=2010-03-26}}{{cite journal | doi=10.7759/cureus.45528 | doi-access=free | title=Dermatological Implications of the Taqiyah and Imamah: Recommendations for Delivering Culturally Conscious Care | date=2023 | last1=Irfan | first1=Bilal | last2=Yaqoob | first2=Aneela | last3=Irfan | first3=Bilal | last4=Yaqoob | first4=Aneela | journal=Cureus | volume=15 | issue=9 | pages=e45528 | pmid=37868539 | pmc=10585659 }} and the hijab for women.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ejf_DwAAQBAJ&dq=hijab+as+adornment&pg=PA117 | title=Representing Islam: Hip-Hop of the September 11 Generation | isbn=978-0-253-05305-3 | last1=Nasir | first1=Kamaludeen Mohamed | date=December 2020 | publisher=Indiana University Press }}
Images
Image:Ilker Basbug.jpg|A heavily adorned general
Image:Shona witch doctor (Zimbabwe).jpg|A Shona witch doctor wearing skins and beads
Image:BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg|Pope Benedict XVI
Image:Daisy Tanks 20080110 Adult Entertainment Expo 2.jpg|Punk adornment
Image:Bling-bling jewelry.jpg|A modern example of adornment: Bling-bling
Image:Maasai jewelry.jpg|Maasai beaded jewelry
Image:LA2-NSRW-2-0065_trimmed.jpg|Examples of social attire, a form of adornment, from the European Renaissance through the 19th Century
See also
References
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Further reading
- Kniel, N; Wright, T:Ribbon: The Art of Adornment, press, {{ISBN|978-1-4236-0346-7}}
- Boucher, François:20,000 Years of Fashion: The History of Costume and Personal Adornment, H.N. Abrams, 1987.
- White, Carolyn L.:American Artifacts of Personal Adornment, 1680-1820:A Guide to Identification and Interpretation, Altamira Press, 2005, {{ISBN|978-0-7591-0589-8}}, {{ISBN|0-7591-0589-8}}
- Bouchot, Henri:The Printed Book, Its History, Illustration, and Adornment, from the Days of Gutenberg to the Present Time, General Books, 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-153-10013-7}}, {{ISBN|1-153-10013-4}}
- Gurel, Lois M., Beeson, Marianne S.:Dimensions of dress and adornment: a book of readings, Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1979.
- {{cite book |author=LaGamma, Alisa | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/84244 |title=Metropolitan jewelry | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1991 | isbn=0870996169}}
External links
- [http://204.39.0.101/smart/lesson_pdfs/11_DIA/11_dia_lssn_2.pdf Examples of African adornment]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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