Aeshna subarctica
{{Short description|Species of dragonfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Aeshna subarctica 45842826.jpg
| genus = Aeshna
| species = subarctica
| authority = Walker, 1908
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
}}
Aeshna subarctica, the subarctic darner or bog hawker, is a species of dragonfly belonging to the family Aeshnidae, the darners and hawkers. This holarctic dragonfly is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China) and North America.
Taxonomy
Aeshna subarctica was first formally described in 1908 by the Canadian entomologist Edmund Murton Walker with its type locality given as Nipigon, Ontario.{{cite book |author=Dunkle, Sidney |author2=Johnson, Jim |author3=Paulson, Dennis |year=2021 |title=A Checklist of North American Odonata, Including English Name, Etymology, Type Locality, and Distribution, 2021 Edition |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349264673_A_Checklist_of_North_American_Odonata_Including_English_Name_Etymology_Type_Locality_and_Distribution_2021_Edition_updated_12_Feb_2021}} This species is classified in the genus Aeshna in the family Aeshnidae, the hawkers, in the order Odonata, the dragonflies and damselflies.
=Subspecies=
Aeshna subarctica is further classified into two subspecies:{{cite book |author1=Boudot, J.-P. |name-list-style=& |author2=V.J. Kalkman |year=2015 |title=Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies |publisher=KNNV publishing |location=The Netherlands |chapter=Aeshna subarctica |pages=164–166 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291165298_Atlas_of_the_European_dragonflies_and_damselflies}}
- Aeshna subarctica elisabethae Djakonov, 1922 - northern Europe and Asia
- Aeshna subarctica subarctica Walker, 1908 - Northern North America
Distribution and habitat
Aeshna subarctica has a holarctic distribution with the nominate subspecies being found in Alaska, Canada south as far as Oregon, Montana, Wisconsin and New Jersey. The Eurasian subspecies is found in the northern parts of Europe and Asia from most of Fennoscandia to the Bering Strait, as well as the Baltic states, Poland, northern Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. To the south of the main range this species can befound in the higher mountains of Europe, although this species is difficult to separate from the sympatric common hawker (A. juncaea) which may cause under-recording. In Europe bog hawkers have been disci=overed as far south as the Italian Alps and Romanian Carpathians. The bog hawker is restricted to acidic moors and Sphagnum peat bogs where there are naturally flooded depressions or peat diggings. This species prefers habitats where there is some floating sphagnum moss, a habitat called "sphagnum soup", used by the larvae. It is a lowland species in the north of but is restricted to mountains, mostly at altitudes greater than {{cvt|700|m}} in the south.
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Abbott | first1 = John C.
| date = 2005
| title = Dragonflies and Damselflies of Texas and the South-Central United States
| publisher = Princeton University Press
| isbn = 978-0691113647
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Arnett | first1 = Ross H. Jr.
| date = 2000
| title = American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico
| publisher = CRC Press
| edition = 2nd
| isbn = 0-8493-0212-9
}}
- {{Cite journal
| last1 = Ball-Damerow | first1 = J.E.
| last2 = Oboyski | first2 = P.T.
| last3 = Resh | first3 = V.H.
| date = 2015
| title = California dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) database: temporal and spatial distribution of species records collected over the past century
| journal = ZooKeys
| issue = 482
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.482.8453
| doi-access = free
| pmid=25709531
| pmc=4337221
| pages=67–89
| bibcode = 2015ZooK..482...67B
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Dunkle | first1 = Sidney W.
| date = 2000
| title = Dragonflies Through Binoculars: A Field Guide to Dragonflies of North America
| publisher = Oxford Press
| isbn = 978-0195112689
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Needham | first1 = James G.
| last2 = Westfall Jr. | first2 = Minter J. Jr.
| last3 = May | first3 = Michael L.
| date = 2000
| title = Dragonflies of North America
| publisher = Scientific Publishers
| isbn = 0-945417-94-2
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Nikula | first1 = Blair
| last2 = Loose | first2 = Jennifer L.
| last3 = Burne | first3 = Matthew R.
| date = 2003
| title = Field Guide to the Dragonflies and Damselflies of Massachusetts
| url = http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/mndi/Aracnologia/Opilionomicon/Opilionomicon.htm
| publisher = Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Silsby
| first1 = Jill
| date = 2001
| title = Dragonflies of the World
| publisher = Smithsonian Institution Press
| isbn = 978-1560989592
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/dragonfliesofwor0000sils
}}
- {{Cite book
| last1 = Steinmann | first1 = Henrik
| editor-last1 = Wermuth | editor-first1 = Heinz
| editor-last2 = Fischer | editor-first2 = Maximilian
| date = 1997
| title = World Catalogue of Odonata, Volume II: Anisoptera
| series = Das Tierreich
| publisher = Walter de Gruyter
| volume = 111
| isbn = 3-11-014934-6
}}
{{refend}}
External links
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- {{Commons-inline}}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1621978}}