Agalinis purpurea
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Agalinis purpurea - Purple False Foxglove.jpg
|status = G5
|status_system = TNC
|genus = Agalinis
|species = purpurea
|synonyms =
{{Species list
|Agalinis purpurea var. chiapasana | Pennell
|Agalinis purpurea var. parviflora | (Benth.) Boivin
|Agalinis purpurea var. purpurea |
|Aureolaria purpurea | (L.) Farw.
|Gerardia purpurea | L.
}}
| synonyms_ref = {{Cite POWO|id=6209-2|title=Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science|access-date=23 December 2024}}
}}
Agalinis purpurea (known by common names including purple false foxglove and purple gerardia{{citation |url=http://nativeplants.evergreen.ca/search/view-plant.php?ID=04984 |title=Native Plant Database |publisher=evergreen.ca |accessdate=4 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208083203/http://nativeplants.evergreen.ca/search/view-plant.php?ID=04984 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}) is an annual forb native to the eastern United States and Canada,{{cite web |title=Plants Profile for Agalinis purpurea (purple false foxglove) |url=http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AGPU5 |accessdate=January 28, 2014}} USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database ([https://web.archive.org/web/19961221023727/http://plants.usda.gov/]. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. which produces purple flowers in late summer or early fall.
Description
Agalinis purpurea is 10 to 120 centimeters tall. The stem is slender, with spreading branches. It has simple opposite leaves, which are 10 to 40 millimeters long, and only 0.5 to 2 millimeters wide. The flowers are racemose on the branches. They are borne on 1 to 8 millimeter long pedicles. Each flower is bilaterally symmetrical, with five 20 to 38 millimeter long petals fused into a corolla tube, and four stamens. The fruit is a round 4 to 6 millimeter long dry capsule that splits open when ripe.{{cite web|title=Agalinis purpurea (purple agalinis, purple false-foxglove): Go Botany|url=https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/agalinis/purpurea/|accessdate=January 28, 2014}}Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison (1913). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-YgCAAAAYAAJ&q=Agalinis&pg=PA210 An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions: From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian, Volume 3.], p. 210. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Distribution and habitat
Agalinis purpurea is widely distributed in the eastern United States, although local distribution may be spotty. It has been recorded in Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Washington, D.C., Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. It has also been recorded in the Canadian province of Ontario. In Virginia, it grows in habitats such as marshes, swamps, interdune swales, and old fields.{{cite web|title=Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora | Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell|url=http://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=617|accessdate=January 28, 2014}} Virginia Botanical Associates. (2014). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (http://www.vaplantatlas.org). c/o Virginia Botanical Associates, Blacksburg. The presence of this species is dependent on appropriate habitat, and it may be eliminated from an area by development, changes in land use, or competition with invasive species.
Ecology
Like other members of the genus Agalinis, this species is hemiparasitic on a variety of hosts, particularly graminoids.{{cite web|title=Agalinis - Michigan Flora|url=http://michiganflora.net/genus.aspx?id=Agalinis|accessdate=January 28, 2014}} MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan.(http://michiganflora.net) Agalinis purpurea uses haustoria to connect its roots with those of its host plants, but it also has green tissues, and performs photosynthesis.
Taxonomy
This species is a member of the genus Agalinis, which was formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae, but has more recently been placed in the family Orobanchaceae, in keeping with the findings of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141:399-436., cited in Walter Fertig {{cite web|title=Farewell to the Aceraceae: Changes in the Angiosperm Family Tree |url=http://herbarium.dbs.umt.edu/PDF's/Spring%202011.PDF |accessdate=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720093214/http://herbarium.dbs.umt.edu/PDF%27s/Spring%202011.PDF |archivedate=July 20, 2011 }} The University of Montana Herbarium Newsletter. (Spring 2011). University of Montana, Missoula, MT. http://herbarium.dbs.umt.edu {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306213851/http://herbarium.dbs.umt.edu/ |date=2014-03-06 }}
References
{{Reflist|32em}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|italic=1}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15339063}}
Category:Flora of Western Canada
Category:Plants described in 1753
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Category:Flora of Eastern Canada
Category:Flora of the Northeastern United States
Category:Flora of the Southeastern United States