Agathe Habyarimana

{{Short description|Widow of former President of Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana}}

{{Infobox first lady

|name = Agathe Habyarimana

|image name =

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|office = First Lady of Rwanda

|term_start = 5 July 1973

|term_end = 6 April 1994

|predecessor = Vérédiana Kayibanda

|successor = Serafina Bizimungu

|president = Juvénal Habyarimana

|birth_name = Agathe Kanziga

|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|01|21|df=y}}

|birth_place = Karago, Gisenyi prefecture, Western Province, Ruanda-Urundi

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|spouse = {{marriage|Juvénal Habyarimana|1963|1994|reason=died}}

|relations =

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}}

Agathe Kanziga Habyarimana, née Kanziga (born 21 January 1942 in Karago, Gisenyi prefecture, Western Province, Rwanda)Twagilimana, Aimable, Historical Dictionary of Rwanda, p. 72 is the widow of former President of Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana and former First Lady of Rwanda from 1973 until 1994. Kanziga is part of both Tutsi and Hutu lineage that long ruled an independent principality until the late nineteenth century.{{cite book|title=The Fate of Africa|first=Martin|last=Meredith|publisher=PublicAffairs|location=New York|year=2005|isbn=1-58648-246-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/fateofafricafrom00mere}} She was arrested by French authorities on 2 March 2010 in France following the visit of French President Nicolas Sarkozy to Rwanda.{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/intrigue-and-uncertainty-follow-arrest-of-lady-genocide|title=Intrigue and uncertainty follow arrest of 'Lady Genocide'}}

She was frequently regarded as one of the powers behind the throne during her husband's 20-year presidency, and her family connections to powerful Hutu politicians are often regarded as having provided necessary political capital for Habyarimana. She was the centre of a powerful clique of northern Hutus called akazu (Kinyarwanda for "little house"), an informal organization of Hutu extremists whose members contributed strongly to the 1994 Rwandan genocide.{{cite news| last = McGreal| first = Chris| title = Profile: Agathe Habyarimana, the power behind the Hutu presidency| newspaper = The Guardian| date = 2 March 2010| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/02/rwanda-france| access-date = 23 May 2021}}

On 9 April 1994, immediately following Habyarimana's assassination and the beginning of the Rwandan genocide, she was airlifted out of Rwanda by French troops and arrived in Paris 8 days later. In this exodus she was accompanied by thirty other members of the akazu, including Ferdinand Nahimana, director of Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines. Upon arrival in Paris, she received a gift of F 230,000 from the French government, from a budget allocated for "urgent assistance for Rwandan refugees".{{citation|title=We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families|first=Philip|last=Gourevitch|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=New York|year=1998|isbn=0-312-24335-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/wewishtoinformyo00gour}} In September 1997, she moved to Libreville, Gabon, at the invitation of Omar Bongo, and then Gbadolite in Zaire. Fearing the threat of the RPF, she went back to Zaire in late 1995 and later settled in Gabon, where she was granted a diplomatic passport under a false name. In response to threats by the RPF, she left Libreville and was smuggled into France where she resides illegally.{{cite web|url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/agathe-kanziga-habyarimana/|title=AGATHE KANZIGA HABYARIMANA|publisher=Trial International|date=27 September 2016|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716081151/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/agathe-kanziga-habyarimana/|url-status=dead}}

Agathe Habyarimana is the sister of Protais Zigiranyirazo. She was denied political asylum in France on 4 January 2007 where she fled in January 2004, but remained in France. She was arrested on Tuesday, 2 March 2010, following French President Nicolas Sarkozy's visit to Rwanda where he admitted to mistakes made by France over the genocide, further stating that France would seek out those responsible for the genocide who were living in France.

In September 2011, a French court denied Rwanda extradition of Habyarimana. A civil suit, perhaps thus weakened, remains.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15095003 | work=BBC News | title=France rejects Rwanda's Habyarimana extradition bid | date=September 28, 2011}}

In August 2021, the Paris Court of Appeal ruled "inadmissible" the request for dismissal of Agathe Habyarimana, suspected of being involved in the genocide committed against the Tutsi in Rwanda in 1994 and targeted by an investigation in France since 2008.{{cite news|date=August 30, 2021|title=Rwanda : la demande de non-lieu d'Agathe Habyarimana jugée « irrecevable »|language=fr|work=Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1224675/societe/rwanda-la-demande-de-non-lieu-dagathe-habyarimana-jugee-irrecevable/}}

On September 12, 2024, the French National Anti-Terrorism Prosecutor's Office filed an appeal to obtain the indictment of Agathe Habyarimana in the Rwandan Genocide.{{cite news|date=March 18, 2025|title=Génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : le parquet français demande l’inculpation d’Agathe Habyarimana|language=fr|work=Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1669271/politique/genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-le-parquet-francais-demande-linculpation-dagathe-habyarimana/}}