Ahmadu Tall
{{Redirect|Ahmadu Seku|the founder of the Fula Massina Empire|Seku Amadu}}
{{Infobox royalty
| embed =
| name = Ahmadu Sekou Tall
| title = Khalifa, Faama, Amir al-Mu'minin
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| image = Image:Ahmadou segu pietri 1880.jpeg
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| caption = Ahmadu Tall, as portrayed by the French (c. 1880)
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| reign = 1864-1893
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| predecessor = Umar Tall
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| birth_date = June 21, 1836
| birth_place = Sokoto Caliphate
| death_date = {{death date and age|1897|12|15|1836|06|21|df=y}}
| death_place = Sokoto
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| religion = Islam
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Ahmad al-Madani al-Kabir at-Tijani, commonly known as Ahmadou Sekou Tall or Ahmadu Sekou{{Cite book |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1991 |isbn=9780852295298 |edition=15th |volume=1 |location=USA |page=166 |language=en}} (June 21, 1836 – December 15, 1897) was the Laamdo Dioulbé (ruler) of the Toucouleur Empire from 1864 to 1893 and Faama of Ségou from 1864 to 1884.
Biography
Ahmadu was born during his father El Hadj Umar Tall's stay in the Sokoto Caliphate. His mother was a Hausa slave.{{sfn|Page|2005}}
Ahmadu Sekou's father conquered Ségou (then the heart of the Bambara Empire) on March 10, 1861. Not long afterwards, he began his conquest of the Fula empire of Massina, leaving Ahmadu as the Almami of Ségou.
Umar Tall died in 1864 attempting to suppress a rebellion in Massina. Ahmadu, the ruling Faama of Ségou and the eastern regions of the Toucouleur Empire, attempted to assert his control over the entire unit. He was opposed in this by his cousin Tidiani Tall, based in Massina, and later by his half-brothers Moktar and {{ill|Aguibu Tall|fin}}.{{cite book |last1=Imperato |first1=James Pascal |title=Historical Dictionary of Mali |date=1977 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Metuchen, N.J. |page=15 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000impe/page/14/mode/2up |access-date=23 September 2023}} His rule consisted largely of suppressing rebellions and fighting to centralize the empire against the resistance of the Fula aristocracy. To that end he cultivated a base of support among the Bambara natives of Segou.{{sfn|Cissoko|1982|pp=68}}
The government was highly structured, with centrally appointed governors of the various provinces seconded by cadis, military commanders and tax collectors. Ministers based in Segou managed various portfolios such as justice, the Niger river fleet, the public treasury, relations with Europeans and other foreign powers, commerce, etc. For much of Ahmadu's reign his cousin Sydou Djelia served as prime minister.{{sfn|Cissoko|1982|pp=69}}
Moktar and Aguibu attempted to use Nioro du Sahel and Koniakary as bases for independent power in the 1870s, but were both defeated and imprisoned. Ahmadu replaced them with another brother, Muntaga, who in turn rebelled in 1884. In suppressing that rebellion Ahmadu moved his court from Segou to Nioro.{{cite journal |last1=Hanson |first1=John H. |title=Historical Writing in Nineteenth Century Segu: A Critical Analysis of an Anonymous Arabic Chronicle |journal=History in Africa |date=1985 |volume=12 |pages=101–115 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171715 |access-date=27 October 2023}}{{rp|105–6}}
Facing the advance of the French colonial army in the 1880s and 1890s, Ahmadu accepted a short-lived alliance with the French through the Treaty of Gouri on 12 May 1887. Ségou fell to the colonizers in 1890. The Toucouleur army, led by Ahmadu's Wolof ally Alboury Ndiaye, was defeated outside Nioro in January 1891. With Ndiaye, Ahmadu fell back eastwards to Djenne until its fall in 1893, then to modern-day Niger. Ahmadu reached Sokoto, now in present-day Nigeria, where he died in 1897.{{cite book |last1=Charles |first1=Eunice A. |title=Precolonial Senegal : the Jolof Kingdom, 1800-1890 |date=1977 |publisher=African Studies Center, Boston University |location=Brookline, MA |url=https://archive.org/details/precolonialseneg00char/page/n15/mode/2up |page=130|access-date=15 July 2023}}
Legacy
Ahmadu Tall was an enlightened and wise ruler, who treated French diplomats courteously. Although he was a Toucouleur, he has been remembered fondly by the Bambara of Segou over whom he ruled for nearly 30 years.
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{{succession box|title=Faama of Ségou|before=El Hajj Umar Tall|none|after=Madani Ahmadu Tall|years=1864 - 1884}}
{{succession box|title=Faama of Nioro|before=Muntaga Tall|none|after=French West Africa|years=1884 - 1890}}
{{succession box|title=Faama of Masina|before=Mounirou Tall|none|after=French West Africa|years=1890 - 1892}}
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References
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=Sources=
- {{cite journal |last1=Cissoko |first1=Sekene Mody |title=Formations sociales et État en Afrique précoloniale : Approche historique |journal=Présence Africaine |date=1982 |volume=COLLOQUE SUR « LA PROBLÉMATIQUE DE L'ÉTAT EN AFRIQUE NOIRE » |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24350899 |access-date=4 July 2023}}
- B. O. Oloruntimeehin. The Segu Tukulor Empire. New York: Humanities Press (1972). SBN 391002066
- {{cite book |last1=Page |first1=Willie F. |editor1-last=Davis |editor1-first=R. Hunt |title=Encyclopedia of African History and Culture |date=2005 |publisher=Facts On File |volume=IV|page=14 |edition=Illustrated, revised}}
{{Authority control}}
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