Airan

Airan is located some 17 km south-east of Caen and 25 km east by south-east of Lisieux. It can be accessed from the D40 from Vimont in the north-west, passing through the south of the commune and continuing south-east to Vieux-Fumé. The D613 (Route de Paris) also from Vimont passes through the north of the commune and continues east to Crèvecœur-en-Auge. Neither road passes the village which can be accessed by the D47 road from Moult in the west which passes through the village then the heart of the commune before continuing south-east to Cesny-aux-Vignes. There is also the D43 road coming from the north through the village and continuing south to Fierville-Bray. The railway from Caen to Mézidon-Canon passes through the commune from west to east but there is no station in the commune. The nearest station is Bonafini to the west. The commune is quite large in extent and consists almost entirely of farmland with a few small patches of forest. Apart from the village there are also the hamlets of Le Haute-des-Pedouzes, Le Ruel, Valmeray, and Coupigny.[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Airan,+France/@49.0872694,-0.138444,11935m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x480a7240e9dee7b3:0x40c14484fbcfdd0?hl=en Google Maps]

The Muance river forms part of the western border of the commune before it flows west then north to join the Dives river through a network of canals near Bures-sur-Dives. The Douet also rises in the north of the commune and forms part of the northern border before continuing north to join the Dives near Hernetot.

{{Geographic location

|width=auto

|title = Neighbouring communes and villages

|Centre = Airan

|North = Argences

|Northeast = Méry-Corbon

|East = Magny-le-Freule

|Southeast = Cesny-aux-Vignes

|South = Vieux-Fumé

|Southwest = Billy

|West = Chicheboville

|Northwest = Moult

}}

The name is of Continental Germanic origin in an area where such origins are rare (Heidram from the 9th century), possibly a personal name taken from Heidrammus or alternatively the name -ham preceded by an appellative or an unidentified person's name.

Archaeological excavations have uncovered the remains of a Merovingian necropolis. There is a legend of the famous Treasure of Airan.

In 1942, the resistance caused two derailments in the commune - on the night of 15 to 16 April and also on 30 April to 1 May. These two derailments left a total of forty dead and fifty wounded German soldiers who were on leave in these trains. Following this Nazi repression was brutal for many hostages: some were shot, others deported.

{{incomplete list|date=April 2021}}

List of Successive Mayors of Airan[http://www.francegenweb.org/mairesgenweb/resultcommune.php?id=18569 List of Mayors of Airan]

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Airannais or Airannaises in French.[https://www.habitants.fr/calvados-14 Le nom des habitants du 14 - Calvados], habitants.fr

{{Historical populations

|source = INSEE[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2123937?geo=COM-14005 Populations légales 2011], INSEE

|percentages = pagr

|align = none

|2006|594

|2011|688

|2021|648

}}

The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

• A Water Mill (1682){{Mérimée Icon}} is typical of the Caen region.Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|PA00111009|PA00111009 Water Mill}} {{in lang|fr}}
• The Chateau of Coupigny (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|PA00111007|PA00111007 Chateau of Coupigny}} {{in lang|fr}}{{Camera}}
• The Chateau of Coupigny Park (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA14003357|IA14003357 Chateau of Coupigny Park}} {{in lang|fr}}

;Other sites of interest

• Valmeray Tower and its surroundings are classified by DREAL Lower Normandy as an historical monument.[http://www.donnees.basse-normandie.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/pdf/SITES/14036f.pdf DREAL Basse-Normandie] {{in lang|fr}} The ruined tower is located in a hamlet near Airan. An old legend tells of a secret passage connecting the tower to the church at Airan. The legend also says that the old bell in gold from the church is hidden in the secret passage. Many people have tried to find it but without success.
• The Alley of Lime Trees along the D43 is also registered with DREAL.[http://www.donnees.basse-normandie.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/pdf/SITES/14105c.pdf DREAL Basse-Normandie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905073341/http://www.donnees.basse-normandie.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/pdf/SITES/14105c.pdf |date=2014-09-05 }} {{in lang|fr}}

The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

• The Church of Saint Germain (12th century){{Mérimée Icon}}Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|PA00111008|PA00111008 Church of Saint Germain}} {{in lang|fr}}{{Camera}} has a Romanesque facade.

Tour_de_Valmeray_Airan.jpg|Valmeray Tower

Airan église Saint-Germain.JPG|The Church of Saint-Germain

Chateau Coupigny.JPG|Coupigny Castle

Airan moulin à eau.JPG|The Watermill

Airan lavoir.JPG|The Lavoir (Public laundry) on the Muance river

File:Airan église Saint-Germain modillon 03.JPG|Gargoyle on the Church

• Communes of the Calvados department

• [http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=49.1019&lon=-0.1506&zoom=13 Airan on the 1750 Cassini Map]

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{{Commons category}}

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Category:Former communes of Calvados (department)

Category:Populated places disestablished in 2017