Akoko language
{{Short description|Volta–Niger dialect cluster of Nigeria}}
{{Infobox language
|name=(North) Akoko
|nativename=Arigidi
|states=Nigeria
|region=Ondo State, Kogi State, Ekiti State, Edo StateFadọrọ, Jacob Oludare. 2010. Phonological and lexical variations in Akokoid. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan.
|speakers=48,000
|date=1992
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=Atlantic–Congo
|fam3=Volta–Niger
|fam4= YEAI
|iso3=aqg
|glotto=arig1246
|glottorefname=Arigidi
}}
North Akoko, usually abbreviated as Akoko and also known as Arigidi, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria. It is a branch of the YEAI ("Yoruba–Edo–Akoko–Igbo") ({{smallcaps all|yeai}}) group of the Niger–Congo languages.Fadọrọ, Jacob Oludare. 2010. Phonological and lexical variations in Akokoid. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan. It is spoken in the Akoko Edo, and the LGAs of Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Ekiti East, and Ijumu (Ethnologue).
File:A short oral history of Arigidi in Arigidi language by its native speaker.webm
File:Short oral history of Oke-agbe in Oke-agbe language by its native speaker.webm
Varieties
Akokoid varieties include Arigidi, Erúṣú, Oyín, Ìgáṣí Eṣé, Urò, Ọ̀jọ̀, Àfá, Ògè, Ìdò, and Àjè.Oshodi, Boluwaji. 2012. [http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/fichiers/nigercongo/abstracts/oshodi_adekunle.pdf The Arigidi Cluster: an Internal Re-classification]. Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction (International Congress), 18–21 September 2012, Paris.
Below is a list of Arigidi language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}
| class="wikitable sortable" | style="font-size: 75%;" |
! Language !! Alternate spellings !! Own name for language !! Endonym(s) !! Other names (location-based) !! Speakers !! Location(s) | ||||||
| Arigidi cluster | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA; Kwara State, Kogi LGA | |||||
| Afa | Ọ̀wọ̀n Àfá | Àfá | Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Affa section | ||
| Arigidi | Arìgìdí | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Arigidi town | ||||
| Eruṣu | Erusu, Erushu | Erúṣú | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Eruṣu town | |||
| Ese | Ọ̀wọ̀n Èsé | Èsé | Aje, Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Ese section | ||
| Igaṣi | Igashi, Igasi | Ọ̀wọ̀n Ìgáṣí | Ìgàshí | 45,000 (1986) | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Igaṣi town | |
| Oge | Ọ̀wọ̀ Ògè | Òge | Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Oge section | ||
| Ọjọ | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Ajọwa town | |||||
| Oyin | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oyin–Akoko town | |||||
| Udo | Ido | Ọ̀wọ̀n Ùdò | Oke–Agbe | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Udo section | ||
| Uro | 3,000 (1986) | Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Uro–Ajọwa town |
Internal classification
The internal classification of Akokoid language varieties is given by Fadoro (2010) as:Fadọrọ, Jacob Oludare. 2010. Phonological and lexical variations in Akokoid. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan.{{rp|137}}
;Akokoid
- Arigidi
- Arigidi
- Erushu
- Ọ̀wọ̀n
- varieties in Oke Agbe
- Afa
- Aje
- Udo
- Oge
- varieties outside Oke Agbe
- Oyin
- Igashi
- Uro
Arigidi and Erushu are mutually intelligible with each other; varieties spoken in Oke Agbe with each other; and varieties spoken outside Oke Agbe with each other. However, these three groups are not mutually intelligible with each other.{{rp|137}}
Reconstructions
The following list of Proto-Akokoid reconstructions is from Blench (n.d.).Blench, Roger. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Akokoid/Comparative%20Akokoid.pdf Comparative Akokoid].
:
| class="wikitable sortable"
! Gloss !! Proto-Akokoid | |
| head | *igírí |
| hair | *icírí |
| eye | *íjù |
| ear | *útó |
| nose | *úwɔ̃́ |
| mouth | *odòrũ |
| tooth | *eɲĩ |
| tongue | *írɛ̃́ |
| jaw | *àmgbà |
| chin | *ùlɛ, *olò |
| beard | *ìlɛ̀ |
| neck | *ògúgɔ̀ |
| breast | *íkpɔ |
| heart | *ɛ̀gɛ̀, *ɔkɔ̃̀ |
| belly | *ìgɔ |
| stomach | |
| navel | *ípɔ̃́ |
| back | *òsũ |
| arm, hand | *úwɔ́ |
| nail | *íŋgà |
| buttocks | *imbɔ̃̀ |
| penis | *ìndù |
| vagina | |
| thigh | #koko |
| leg | *ùhò |
| knee | *igɔ̀ |
| body | *ìji |
| skin | *àla |
| bone | *íkpĩ |
See also
- List of Proto-Akokoid reconstructions (Wiktionary)
References
{{wiktionary category|category=Arigidi language}}
{{Reflist}}
- Blench, Roger. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Akokoid/Comparative%20Akokoid.pdf Comparative Akokoid].
{{CC-notice|cc=by3|url=https://rogerblench.info/}}
{{Volta-Niger languages}}
{{Niger-Congo branches}}