Al-Aqsa clashes

{{main|1990 Temple Mount killings}}

The 1990 Temple Mount killings, or Al Aqsa Massacre,{{Cite news|author=Fabrico, Roberto|title=A City Divided: Jerusalemites once again have fallen victim to religious hatred and strife|newspaper=Sun Sentinel|publisher=Sun-Sentinel.com|date=2 December 1990}}{{Cite web|author=United Nations Commission of Human Rights|title=Summary Record of the 19th Meeting|url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/575/22/IMG/NR057522.pdf?OpenElement|work=Fifty-seventh session|publisher=United Nations|date=4 April 2001|access-date=2011-05-17}}{{Cite book|author=Reiter, Yitzhak|title=Jerusalem and its role in Islamic solidarity|url=https://archive.org/details/jerusalemitsrole00reit|url-access=limited|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jerusalemitsrole00reit/page/n135 127]|year=2008|isbn=9780230607828}} took place in the Al-Aqsa compound on the Temple Mount, Jerusalem at 10:30 am on Monday, 8 October 1990 before Zuhr prayer during the third year of the First Intifada. Following a decision by the Temple Mount Faithful to lay the cornerstone for the Temple, mass riots erupted,{{cite book|last=Inbari|first=Motti|title=Jewish fundamentalism and the Temple Mount: who will build the Third Temple?|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishfundamenta00inba|url-access=limited|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2009|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jewishfundamenta00inba/page/n88 79]–80|isbn=978-1-4384-2623-5}} In the ensuing clashes, 17 Palestinians died, {{efn|"All accounts originally reported anywhere between 19 and 21 deaths. At a 15 October press conference, however, the Jerusalem-based Palestine Human Rights Information Center (PHRIC) lowered the death count to 17, and other organizations and reports followed. Of the deaths initially reported, one had died of a heart attack, two thought to have died were only injured and survived, and one had been shot by an Israeli civilian in another section of Jerusalem (and later died)"{{sfn|Report|1991|p=134}}}} more than 150 Palestinians were wounded by Israeli security forces, and more than 20 Israeli civilians and police were wounded by Palestinians.{{cite web |title=REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESOLUTION 672 (1990) |url=https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/9263164DF83B145F85256BCE00715567|publisher=UN|date=October 31, 1990|access-date=November 7, 2020}} United Nations Security Council Resolution 672, which was rejected by Israel, "condemned especially the acts of violence committed by the Israeli security forces" and United Nations Security Council Resolution 673 urged that Israel reconsider its refusal to allow United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar to carry out an investigation.{{sfn|Report|1991|pp=153-155}}

{{main|2009 Al-Aqsa clashes}}

The 2009 Al-Aqsa clashes started followed rising tensions beginning on 2 August with the forcible evictions of nine Palestinian families in Sheikh Jarrah. During Ramadan Palestinian access to Al Aqsa Mosque was increasingly restricted. During the last week of Ramadan ending on 19 September, Palestinians from the rest of the West Bank were barred from entry into East Jerusalem for the Jewish New Year.{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-199018/|title=The Humanitarian Monitor: OPT (September 2009) - OCHA report}}

{{main|2017 Temple Mount crisis}}

The 2017 Temple Mount crisis{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/greenblatt-to-arrive-in-region-over-temple-mount-crisis-500547|title=Greenblatt to arrive in region over Temple Mount crisis|website=The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com|date=24 July 2017 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-leaders-can-still-contain-temple-mount-crisis-but-require-political-courage/|title=Israeli leaders can still contain Temple Mount crisis, but require political courage|website=The Times of Israel}}{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.803045|title=Explained: What Sparked Temple Mount Crisis and Where Do We Go From Here|first=Judy|last=Maltz|date=24 July 2017|newspaper=Haaretz}} was a period of violent tensions related to the Temple Mount, which began on 14 July 2017, after a shooting incident in the complex in which Palestinian gunmen killed two Israeli police officers. Following the attack, Israeli authorities installed metal detectors at the entrance to the Mount in a step that caused large Palestinian protests and was severely criticized by Palestinian leaders, the Arab League, and other Muslim leaders, on the basis that it constituted a change in the "status quo" of the Temple Mount entry restrictions.{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/arab-league-says-israel-playing-with-fire-at-holy-site/articleshow/59724232.cms|title=Arab League says Israel 'playing with fire' at holy site|date=23 July 2017|via=The Economic Times|access-date=24 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726093928/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/arab-league-says-israel-playing-with-fire-at-holy-site/articleshow/59724232.cms|archive-date=26 July 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

The Jerusalem Islamic Waqf called on Muslims to pray outside the Temple Mount, and not enter the mosque complex until the metal detectors were removed.{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/waqf-urges-muslims-to-boycott-temple-mount-over-metal-detectors/|title=Waqf urges Muslims to boycott Temple Mount over metal detectors|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=12 November 2017}}

On 25 July the Israeli Cabinet voted to remove the metal detectors and replace them with other surveillance measures.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-idUSKBN1A92Q5|title=Israel to replace metal detectors in Jerusalem with less obtrusive surveillance|last=Lewis|first=Ori|date=July 24, 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=July 24, 2017}} Nevertheless, Palestinian activists decided to continue protesting, claiming those cameras represent a greater degree of control than the metal detectors.{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/07/jerusalem-cameras-dangerous-metal-detectors-170725102609112.html|title=Jerusalem cameras 'more dangerous than metal detectors'|first=Zena|last=Tahhan|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=12 November 2017}} On 27 July, Israel removed the new security measures from the Mount, which led to the Waqf telling Muslims they could return to pray inside the compound.{{cite web |last=Reed |first=John |date=2017-07-27 |title=Israel removes all security measures from al-Aqsa mosque |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2b601882-72dd-11e7-aca6-c6bd07df1a3c |access-date=12 November 2017 |website=Financial Times}} 113 Palestinians were reportedly injured in clashes with police after thousands of Muslims returned to pray at Temple Mount.{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4995269,00.html|title=113 reportedly injured as thousands return to pray at Temple Mount|newspaper=Ynetnews |date=27 July 2017|access-date=12 November 2017 |last1=Shaalan |first1=Hassan }}

Within an 11-day period, eleven people had died due to the crisis.{{cite news|last1=Booth|first1=William|title=A young Palestinian vowed to die a martyr, then stabbed 3 members of an Israeli family to death|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/a-young-palestinian-vowed-to-die-a-martyr-then-stabbed-3-israelis-to-death/2017/07/25/05b86c0a-7149-11e7-8c17-533c52b2f014_story.html|access-date=26 July 2017|publisher=WashingtonPost|date=25 July 2017}}

{{main|2021 Israel–Palestine crisis#al-Aqsa Mosque compound}}

In April 2021, during both Passover and Ramadan, the site was a focus of tension between Israeli settlers and Palestinians. Jewish settlers broke an agreement between Israel and Jordan and performed prayers and read from the Torah inside the compound, an area normally off limits to non-Muslims.{{cite news |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jerusalem-al-aqsa-passover-ramadan-tensions-settlers |newspaper=Middle East Eye |date=24 April 2021 |title=In Jerusalem, Ramadan sees heightened tensions at Al-Aqsa Mosque compound |author=Aseel Jundi |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425005003/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jerusalem-al-aqsa-passover-ramadan-tensions-settlers |url-status=live}} On 14 April, Israeli police entered the area and forcibly cut wires to speakers in minarets around the mosque, silencing the call to prayer, claiming the sound was interfering with an event by the Israeli president at the Western Wall.{{cite web |access-date=2021-04-25 |title=Israel criticized for silencing call to prayer from Al-Aqsa Mosque |url=https://religionnews.com/2021/04/16/israel-criticized-for-silencing-call-to-prayer-from-al-aqsa-mosque/ |date=16 April 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425005003/https://religionnews.com/2021/04/16/israel-criticized-for-silencing-call-to-prayer-from-al-aqsa-mosque/ |url-status=live}} On 16 April, seventy thousand Muslims prayed in the compound around the mosque, the largest gathering since the beginning of the COVID pandemic; police barred most from entering the structure itself.{{cite web |first1=Jasper |last1=Hamann |access-date=2021-04-25 |title=Friday Prayers Draw 70,000 Palestinians to Al Aqsa Mosque |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/04/339941/friday-prayers-draw-70000-palestinians-to-al-aqsa-mosque/ |date=16 April 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425005003/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/04/339941/friday-prayers-draw-70000-palestinians-to-al-aqsa-mosque/ |url-status=live}} In May 2021, hundreds of Palestinians were injured following clashes in the compound after reports of Israel's intention to proceed to evict Palestinians from land claimed by Israeli settlers.{{cite news |title=Scores injured in fresh night of Jerusalem clashes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/09/jerusalem-al-aqsa-clashes-injuries-israel |work=The Guardian |date=9 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509010646/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/09/jerusalem-al-aqsa-clashes-injuries-israel |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Explainer: Jerusalem tense over evictions and holidays |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jerusalem-tense-over-evictions-holidays-2021-05-10/ |publisher=Reuters |date=10 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515142323/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jerusalem-tense-over-evictions-holidays-2021-05-10/ |url-status=live}}

{{main|2022 Al-Aqsa Mosque storming}}

The 2022 Al-Aqsa Mosque storming occurred on 15 April 2022, when Israeli forces entered the Temple Mount and used tear gas shells and sound bombs to disperse Palestinians who, they said, were throwing stones at policemen. Some Palestinians barricaded themselves inside the Al-Aqsa mosque, where they were detained by Israeli police. Over 150 people ended up injured and 400 arrested.{{Cite web |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |last2=Boxerman |first2=Aaron |last3=staff |first3=T. O. I. |title=Over 150 injured, 400 arrested as Palestinians clash with cops on Temple Mount |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-on-edge-clashes-break-out-between-police-and-palestinians-at-al-aqsa/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506143949/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-on-edge-clashes-break-out-between-police-and-palestinians-at-al-aqsa/ |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/15/israeli-forces-raid-al-aqsa-mosque-over-50-palestinians-injured |title=Israeli forces raid Al-Aqsa Mosque, over 90 Palestinians injured |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418055746/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/15/israeli-forces-raid-al-aqsa-mosque-over-50-palestinians-injured |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/story/israeli-police-clash-with-palestinians-at-one-of-jerusalems-holiest-sites-12590523 |title=Al-Aqsa mosque: At least 90 injured as Israeli police clash with Palestinians |publisher=Sky News |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418031205/https://news.sky.com/story/israeli-police-clash-with-palestinians-at-one-of-jerusalems-holiest-sites-12590523 |url-status=live}}

{{main|2023 Al-Aqsa clashes}}

The 2023 Al-Aqsa clashes were a series of violent confrontations that occurred between Palestinians and Israeli police at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem in April 2023. After the evening Ramadan prayer, Palestinians barricaded themselves inside the mosque, prompted by reports that Jews planned to sacrifice a goat at the site (which is forbidden by Israeli law). In response, Israeli police raided the mosque in riot gear, injuring 50 people.{{Cite news |date=2023-04-05 |title=Al-Aqsa mosque: Violence as Israeli police raid Jerusalem holy site |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65184207 |access-date=2023-04-09}}

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• {{cite journal |last=Report|date=1991 |title=The Haram Al-Sharif (Temple Mount) Killings|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2537210 |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |volume=20 |issue= 2|pages=134–159|doi=10.1080/07329113.2017.1388100 |jstor=2537210 |s2cid=220316137 |access-date=November 6, 2020|url-access=subscription }}

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{{Temple Mount}}

{{Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}

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Category:Riots and civil disorder in Jerusalem

Category:20th-century attacks on mosques