Al-Bahrani

{{Short description|Twelver Shia Islamic scholar (1238–1299)}}

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Kamal al-Din Maytham ibn Ali ({{langx|ar|كمال‌ الدين ميثم ابن علي|translit=Kamāl al-Dīn Maytham ibn ʿAlī}}; 1238–1299), commonly known by the {{Transliteration|ar|nisba}} al-Bahrani ({{langx|ar|البحراني|translit=al-Baḥrānī}}), was a leading thirteenth-century Twelver Shia theologian, author and philosopher. Al Bahrani wrote on Twelver doctrine, affirmed free will, the infallibility of prophets and imams, the appointed imamate of `Ali, and the occultation of the Twelfth Imam.Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p33 Along with Kamal al-Din Ibn Sa’adah al Bahrani, Jamal al-Din ‘Ali ibn Sulayman al-Bahrani, Maytham Al Bahrani was part of a thirteenth-century Bahrain school of theology that emphasised rationalism.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda G. Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p331

At the same time, Maytham Al Bahrani was profoundly influenced by the disciplines of philosophy and mysticism.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p332 He wrote widely on such theology related philosophical issues as epistemology and ontology.

Al Bahrani's scholarship took in both Imami and Sunni sources; according to University of Bahrain academic, Ali Al Oraibi:

{{cquote|Maytham expresses admiration for certain Sunni theologians and quotes Sunni traditions, to the extent that it is said in Shi’i circles that while the Sunni ibn Abi al Hadid can be mistaken for an Imami, the Imami Maytham can be mistaken for a Sunni.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p332}}

In the thirteenth century, Twelvers – particularly mysticsAli Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p333 – were a growing influence in Bahrain, which had previously been dominated by the Ismaili Qarmatian sect.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}

The Bahrain school of thought's integration of philosophy and mysticism into Imami Shi'ism had an enduring legacy, influencing fourteenth-century theologians such as Ibn Abi Jumhur al-Ahsai'i. Politically, the intellectual vitality of al-Bahrani and his contemporaries is credited with converting the Ilkhanid monarch, Mohammed Khudabandeh, to convert to Shi'ism and announce a Shia state.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p336

He is buried in Mahooz, Bahrain, where a shrine and mosque have been constructed.