Alacrite
{{Short description|Family of Cobalt based alloys}}Alacrite (also known as Alloy L-605, Cobalt L-605, Haynes 25, and occasionally F90{{cite web |url=http://continentalsteel.com/nickel-alloys/grades/l-605-cobalt-l-605-haynes-25/ |title=Nickel Alloy L-605, Cobalt® L-605, Haynes® 25 |publisher=Continental Steel & Tube Company |accessdate=11 March 2016}}{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edtoQUe2VxgC&pg=PA85 |chapter=L605 Precipitates and Their Effects on Stent Applications |title=Medical Device Materials III - Proceedings of the Materials & Processes for Medical Devices Conference |author1=Poncin, P. |author2=Gruez, B. |author3=Missillier, P. |author4=Comte-Gaz, P. |author5=Proft, J.L. |editor1=Venugopalan, R. |editor2=Wu, M. |publisher=ASTM International |year=2006 |pages=85–92 |isbn=9781615031153 |accessdate=11 March 2016}}{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8uWIVbd1WgC&pg=PA239 |chapter=3.2.9 Metals |title=Biomedical Engineering Desk Reference |author =Brunski, J.B. |editor=Academic Press |publisher=Elsevier |year=2009 |pages=230–247 |isbn=9780123746474 |accessdate=11 March 2016}}) is a family of cobalt-based alloys. The alloy exhibits useful mechanical properties and is oxidation- and sulfidation-resistant.
One member of the family, XSH Alacrite,{{cite web|url=http://www.lne.fr/publications/actes_12e_congres_metrologie/definition_alliage_metallique_etalon_masse.pdf |title=Définition d'un nouvel alliage métallique pour la réalisation d'étalons de masse secondaires |author1=Meury, P.A. |author2=Molins, R. |author3=Gosset, A. |work=Actes du 12e congrès international de métrologie |publisher=Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais |date=June 2005 |accessdate=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308194616/http://www.lne.fr/publications/actes_12e_congres_metrologie/definition_alliage_metallique_etalon_masse.pdf |archivedate=8 March 2014 }} is described as "a non-magnetic, stainless super-alloy whose high surface hardness enables one to achieve a mirror quality polish."{{cite web |url=http://ww1.cnam.fr/instituts/inm/english/mga/mga.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330131514/http://ww1.cnam.fr/instituts/inm/english/mga/mga.htm |title=BNM-INM/CNAM - M.G.A. |publisher=L'Institut National de Métrologie |archivedate=30 March 2012 |accessdate=11 March 2016}} The Institut National de Métrologie in France has also used the material as a kilogram mass standard.{{cite book |author1=Jones, F.E. |title=Handbook of Mass Measurement |author2=Schoonover, R.M. |publisher=CRC Press |year=2002 |isbn=9781420038453 |pages=23–36 |chapter=Chapter 3: Contamination of Mass Standards |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVXMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 |accessdate=11 March 2016}}
Composition and standardization
L-605 is composed primarily of cobalt (Co), with a specified mixture of chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and carbon (C), as well as small amounts of manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and phosphorus (P). The tungsten and nickel improve the alloy's machinability, while chromium contributes to its solid-solution strengthening. The following tolerances must be met to be considered an L-605 alloy:
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" |
| %
! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Cobalt (Co) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Chromium (Cr) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Tungsten (W) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Nickel (Ni) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Iron (Fe) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Carbon (C) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Manganese (Mn) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Silicon (Si) ! style="padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Phosphorus (P) !Sulfur (S) |
|---|
| Minimum
| style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |Balance | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |19 | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |14 | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |9 | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" | - | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |0.05 | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" |1 | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" | - | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" | - | - |
| Maximum
| |21 |16 |11 |3 |0.15 |2 |0.4 |0.04 |0.03 |
|}
Properties and Applications
The alloy was originally developed for application in aircraft, including combustion chambers, liners, afterburners and the hot section of gas turbines. It has also been used in aerospace components and turbine engines as well as drug-eluting and other kinds of stents due to its biocompatibility. When used for implantable medical devices, the ASTM F90-09 and ISO 5832-5:2005 specifications dictate how L-605 is manufactured and tested.{{cite web |url=http://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL/F90-09.htm |title=ASTM F90-09: Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30605) |work=ASTM.org |publisher=ASTM International |accessdate=11 March 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=35169 |title=ISO 5832-5:2005: Implants for surgery -- Metallic materials -- Part 5: Wrought cobalt-chromium-tungsten-nickel alloy |work=ISO.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |date=11 March 2016}}