Alais meteorite

At 17:00 on 15 March 1806, two detonations were heard near Alès in Gard, France.{{sfn|Marvin|2006|page=53}} Shortly afterwards, two soft black stones were discovered in the villages of Saint-Étienne-de-l'Olm and Castelnau-Valence, weighing {{convert|4|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} and {{convert|2|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} respectively. The fragments were collected by people who observed the impact and given to two scientists that lived locally. The meteorite was analysed by Louis Jacques Thénard, who published a study in 1807, showing that it had a high carbon content.{{sfn|Marvin|2006|page=53}} It was initially doubted that the fragments were of non-terrestrial origins as their attributes were markedly different to existing meteorites.{{sfn|Mason|1963|page=621}} However, it was increasingly realised that this was a new, albeit rare, type of meteorite.{{sfn|Marvin|2006|page=54}} The meteorite is also known as Valence.

As an early fall (soon after the consensus that meteorites were real, extraterrestrial phenomenon), Alais has largely been dispersed. Few samples have been preserved, less than Orgueil, but more than Tonk and particularly Revelstoke.

Source: Grady, M. M. Catalogue of Meteorites, 5th Edition, Cambridge University Press

The Alais meteorite is one of the most important meteorites in France.{{sfn|McCall|Bowden|Howarth|2006|page=5}} It is black with loose friable textures with a low density of less than {{convert|1.7|g/cm3|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Marvin|2006|page=53}} Originally consisting of fragments that together weighed {{convert|6|kg|lboz|abbr=on}}, it has been subject to substantial scientific examination and currently only {{convert|260|g|oz|abbr=on}} remains.{{sfn|Mason|1963|page=622}} A fragment, weighing {{convert|39.3|g|oz|abbr=on}} is held by the National Museum of Natural History, France.{{sfn|Caillet Comorowski|2006|page=192}}

The meteorite is one of five known meteorites belonging to the CI chondrite group.{{sfn|Mason|1963|page=621}} This group is remarkable for having an elemental distribution that has the strongest similarity to that of the solar nebula. Except for certain volatile elements, like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the noble gases, which are not present in the meteorites in the same proportions, the ratios of the elements are very similar.{{sfn|Lauretta|McSween|2006|page=40}} The meteorite contains cubanite, dolomite, fosterite, pyrrhotite and zircon amongst other minerals.{{sfn|Kerridge|Macdougall|Marti|1979|page=360}}

The meteorite has been at the centre of controversial claims about an extraterrestrial origin of life since the discovery of organic matter on the meteorite by Jöns Jacob Berzelius.{{sfn|Chyba|1990|page=113}} Organic compounds, amino acids and water have been found in the meteorite. However, studies differentiate between organic and biological matter, the latter not being present.{{sfn|Marvin|2006|page=54}}

• Glossary of meteoritics

{{Reflist|2}}

• {{cite journal | last=Faidit | first= Jean-Michel. | title=Bicentenaire de la météorite d'Alais | journal=L'Astronomie | volume=120 | year=2006 | pages=162–165}}
• {{cite book | last=Caillet Comorowski | first=C.L.V. | chapter=The meteorite collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France | editor-last1= McCall | editor-first1=G.J.H. | editor-last2=Bowden | editor-first2=A.J. | editor-last3=Howarth | editor-first3=R.J. | display-editors=1 | title=The History of Meteoritics and Key Meteorite Collections: Fireballs, Falls and Finds| url=https://archive.org/details/historymeteoriti00mcca | url-access=limited | place=London | publisher=The Geological Society | year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historymeteoriti00mcca/page/n168 163]–204 | isbn=978-1-86239-194-9}}
• {{cite journal | last=Chyba | first= Christopher F. | title=Extraterrestrial amino acids and terrestrial life | journal=Nature | volume=348 | number=6297 | year=1990 | pages=113–114 | doi= 10.1038/348113a0| bibcode= 1990Natur.348..113C | s2cid= 4244056 }}
• {{cite book | last1= McCall | first1=G.J.H. | last2=Bowden | first2=A.J. | last3=Howarth | first3=R.J. | display-authors=1 | chapter=The history of meteoritics – an overview | editor-last1= McCall | editor-first1=G.J.H. | editor-last2=Bowden | editor-first2=A.J. | editor-last3=Howarth | editor-first3=R.J. | display-editors=1 | title=The History of Meteoritics and Key Meteorite Collections: Fireballs, Falls and Finds| url= https://archive.org/details/historymeteoriti00mcca | url-access= limited | place=London | publisher=The Geological Society | year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historymeteoriti00mcca/page/n12 1]–13 | isbn=978-1-86239-194-9}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Kerridge | first1=John F. | last2=Macdougall | first2=J. Douglas | last3=Marti | first3=K. | year=1979 | title=Clues to the origin of sulfide minerals in CI chondrites | journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters | volume=43 | number=3 | pages=359–367| doi=10.1016/0012-821X(79)90091-8 | bibcode=1979E&PSL..43..359K }}
• {{cite book | last1=Lauretta | first1=Dante S. | last2=McSween | first2=Harry S. | title=Meteorites and the Early Solar System Volume II | location=Tucson | publisher=University of Arizona Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-81652-562-1 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1v7zdmm}}
• {{cite book | last=Marvin | first=Ursula B. | chapter=Meteorites in History: An Overview from the Renaissance to the 20th Century | editor-last1= McCall | editor-first1=G.J.H. | editor-last2=Bowden | editor-first2=A.J. | editor-last3=Howarth | editor-first3=R.J. | display-editors=1 | title=The History of Meteoritics and Key Meteorite Collections: Fireballs, Falls and Finds| url=https://archive.org/details/historymeteoriti00mcca | url-access=limited | place=London | publisher=The Geological Society | year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historymeteoriti00mcca/page/n26 15]–72 | isbn=978-1-86239-194-9}}
• {{cite journal | last=Mason | first=Brian | title=The Carbonaceous Chondrites | journal=Space Science Reviews | year=1963 | volume=1 | number=4 | pages=621–646 | doi=10.1007/BF00212446 | bibcode=1963SSRv....1..621M | s2cid=121308917 }}
• {{cite journal | last=Mason | first=Brian | title=Meteorites | journal=American Scientist | volume=55 | number=4 | year=1967 | pages=429–455}}

{{Meteorites by name}}

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Category:Astrobiology

Category:Meteorites found in France

Category:1806 in France