Albert Bierstadt

{{Short description|German-American landscape painter (1830–1902)}}

{{Infobox artist

| name = Albert Bierstadt

| image = Albert Bierstadt by Napoleon Sarony, c. 1870, albumen silver print, from the National Portrait Gallery - NPG-NPG 2007 23Bierstadt-000001.jpg (cropped).jpg

| caption = Portrait by Napoleon Sarony, {{circa|1870}}

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1830|01|07}}

| birth_place = Solingen, Rhine Province, Prussia

| death_date = {{death date and age|1902|2|18|1830|01|07|mf=y}}

| death_place = New York City, U.S.

| nationality = American

| field = Painting

| training = Düsseldorf School

| movement = Hudson River School

| works = List of works

| patrons =

| influenced by =

| awards =

}}

Albert Bierstadt (January 7, 1830 – February 18, 1902) was a German American painter best known for his lavish, sweeping landscapes of the American West. He joined several journeys of the Westward Expansion to paint the scenes. He was not the first artist to record the sites, but he was the foremost painter of them for the remainder of the 19th century.

Bierstadt was born in Prussia, but his family moved to the United States when he was one year old. He returned to study painting for several years in Düsseldorf. He became part of the second generation of the Hudson River School in New York, an informal group of like-minded painters who started painting along the Hudson River. Their style was based on carefully detailed paintings with romantic, almost glowing lighting, sometimes called luminism. Bierstadt was an important interpreter of the western landscape, and he is also grouped with the Rocky Mountain School.{{cite web|url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/3aa/3aa269a1.htm |title=Picturing America's Natural Cathedrals |publisher=Tfaoi.com |access-date=May 20, 2012}}

Early life and education

Bierstadt was born in Solingen, Rhine Province, Prussia, on January 7, 1830. He was the son of Christina M. (Tillmans) and Henry Bierstadt, a cooper.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4URAQAAMAAJ |title=American National Biography: Baker-Blatch|first1=John Arthur|last1=Garraty|first2=Mark Christopher|last2=Carnes|first3=American Council of Learned|last3=Societies|date=March 29, 1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195127812|via=Google Books}} His older brothers were prominent stereo view photographers Edward Bierstadt and Charles Bierstadt. Albert was just a year old when his family emigrated to New Bedford, Massachusetts, in 1831. He made clever crayon sketches in his youth and developed a taste for art.{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Bierstadt, Albert|year=1900}}

In 1851, Bierstadt began to paint in oils. He returned to Germany in 1853 and studied painting for several years in Düsseldorf with members of its informal school of painting. After returning to New Bedford in 1857, he taught drawing and painting briefly before devoting himself full-time to painting.{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/artist-info.6707.html?artistId=6707&pageNumber=1|title=Artist Info|work=nga.gov}}

Career

File:Albert Bierstadt - Among the Sierra Nevada, California - Google Art Project.jpg, 1868, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.]]

File:Albert Bierstadt - Rocky Mountain Landscape - Google Art Project.jpg, Washington, D.C.]]

In 1858, Bierstadt exhibited a large painting of a Swiss landscape at the National Academy of Design, which gained him positive critical reception and honorary membership in the Academy. Bierstadt began painting scenes in New England and upstate New York, including in the Hudson River Valley. He was part of a group of artists known as the Hudson River School.

In 1859, Bierstadt traveled westward in the company of Frederick W. Lander, a land surveyor for the U.S. government, to see those western American landscapes for his work.[https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.166428.html Mount Corcoran] National Gallery of Art, retrieved September 14, 2018 He returned to a studio he had taken at the Tenth Street Studio Building in New York with sketches for numerous paintings he then finished. In 1860, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Design; he received medals in Austria, Bavaria, Belgium, and Germany.{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Bierstadt, Albert}}{{Unreliable source?|Germany was not a nation until 1871.|date=May 2018}}

In 1863, Bierstadt traveled west again, this time with the author Fitz Hugh Ludlow, whose wife he later married. The pair spent seven weeks in the Yosemite Valley. Throughout the 1860s, Bierstadt used studies from this trip as the source for large-scale exhibition paintings and he continued to visit the American West throughout his career.{{cite journal |last1=Hassrick |first1=Peter H. |url=https://mhs.mt.gov/pubs/Publications/spring-2018 |title=Art, Agency, and Conservation: A Fresh Look at Albert Bierstadt's Vision of the West |journal=Montana The Magazine of Western History |date=Spring 2018 |volume=68 |issue=1}} The immense canvases he produced after his trips with Lander and Ludlow established him as the preeminent painter of the western American landscape. Bierstadt's technical proficiency, earned through his study of European landscape, was crucial to his success as a painter of the American West and accounted for his popularity in disseminating views of the Rocky Mountains to those who had not seen them.

During the American Civil War (1861 to 1865), Bierstadt was drafted in 1863 and paid for a substitute to serve in his place. By 1862, he had completed one Civil War painting Guerrilla Warfare, Civil War based on his brief experiences with soldiers stationed at Camp Cameron in 1861.{{Cite book | isbn = 978-0-300-18733-5 | last = Harvey | first = Eleanor Jones| others = Smithsonian American Art Museum; Metropolitan Museum of Art | title = The Civil War and American Art |publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2012}} That painting was based on a stereoscopic photograph taken by his brother Edward Bierstadt, who operated a photography studio at Langley's Tavern in Virginia. The painting received a positive review when it was exhibited at the Brooklyn Art Association at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in December 1861. Curator Eleanor Jones Harvey observed that the painting, created from photographs, "is quintessentially that of a voyeur, privy to the stories and unblemished by the violence and brutality of first-hand combat experience."

File:The Last of the Buffalo.jpg, Washington, D.C.]]

Financial recognition confirmed his status: The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, completed in 1863, was purchased for $25,000 in 1865,{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/07.123|title=Albert Bierstadt: The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak (07.123) – Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History – The Metropolitan Museum of Art|work=metmuseum.org}} the equivalent of almost $400,000 in 2020.

In 1867, Bierstadt returned to Europe, arriving in London where he exhibited two landscape paintings in a private reception with Queen Victoria.[https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.6707.html "Bierstadt, Albert"], National Gallery of Art. Retrieved February 2, 2018. He then travelled through Europe for the next two years, painting new works while also cultivating social and business contacts to sustain the market for his art on the continent. For example, he painted Among the Sierra Nevada, California in his Rome studio, displaying it in Berlin and London before having it shipped to the U.S.{{cite web|url=http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=2059|title=Among the Sierra Nevada, California by Albert Bierstadt / Exhibition Label|year= 2006|work=Smithsonian American Art Museum}} His exhibition pieces both impressed European audiences and furthered the idea of the American West as a land of promise during a period when European emigration to the U.S. was increasing. Bierstadt's choice of grandiose subjects was matched by his entrepreneurial flair. His exhibitions of individual works were accompanied by promotion, ticket sales, and, in the words of one critic, a "vast machinery of advertisement and puffery."

Bierstadt's popularity in the U.S. remained strong during his European tour. The publicity generated by his Yosemite Valley paintings in 1868 led a number of explorers to request his presence as part of their westward expeditions. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad also commissioned him to visit and paint the Grand Canyon and surrounding region.Barringer and Wilton, 250

File:Rosalie Osborne Bierstadt, standing, unknown date, William Kurtz.jpg

Despite his popular success, Bierstadt was criticized by some contemporaries for the romanticism evident in his choice of subjects and for his use of light, which they found excessive. Some critics objected to Bierstadt's paintings of Native Americans, believing that including Indigenous Americans "marred" the "impression of solitary grandeur."

His wife, Rosalie, was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1876, and Bierstadt spent increasing amounts of time with her in the warmer climate of Nassau in the Bahamas until her death in 1893. He also maintained travel between the western United States, Canada, and his studio in New York.

Though his painting career continued later into his life, Bierstadt's work fell increasingly out of critical favor and was increasingly attacked for its theatrical tone. In 1882, a fire destroyed Bierstadt's studio at Irvington, New York, and, with it, many of his paintings.

File:Original Colour Photo of Albert Bierstadt, c. 1895.png by his brother Edward Bierstadt, {{circa}} 1895]]

Bierstadt was a prolific artist, having completed over 500 paintings during his lifetime.{{cite web|author=Glenda Moore |url=http://www.xmission.com/~emailbox/glenda/bierstadt/bierstadt.html |title=xmission.com |publisher=xmission.com |date=September 9, 2004 |access-date=December 19, 2012}} Yet by the time of his death on February 18, 1902,{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bierstadt, Albert|volume=3}} the taste for epic landscape painting had long since subsided. Bierstadt was buried at the Rural Cemetery in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and remained largely forgotten for nearly 60 years.

Posthumous reception

Interest in Bierstadt's work was renewed in the 1960s with the exhibition of his small oil studies. Modern opinions of Bierstadt have been divided. Some critics have regarded his work as gaudy, oversized, extravagant champions of Manifest Destiny. Others have noted that his landscapes helped create support for the conservation movement and the establishment of Yellowstone National Park. His work has been placed in a favorable context, as stated in 1987:

{{blockquote|The temptation (to criticize him) should be steadfastly resisted. Bierstadt's theatrical art, fervent sociability, international outlook, and unquenchable personal energy reflected the epic expansion in every facet of Western civilization during the second half of the nineteenth century.Howat, John K., editor. American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School, 284. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1987. {{ISBN|9780870994975}}}}

On the other hand, his work has also been criticized as largely an imaginary depiction of nature, and even "soulless" in its execution.{{Cite news |last=Brenson |first=Michael |date=1991-02-08 |title=Reviews/Art; He Painted the West That America Wanted |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/08/arts/reviews-art-he-painted-the-west-that-america-wanted.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |issn=0362-4331}}

Existing work

1853 – Majesty of the Mountains
1855 – The Old Mill
1855 – The Portico of Octavia
1855 – Westphalia
1858 – Lake Lucerne, c. 1853, oil on canvas, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
1859 – The Wolf River, Kansas,{{cite web|url=http://www.dia.org/the_collection/overview/viewobject.asp?objectid=34767 |title=Albert Bierstadt: The Wolf River, Kansas (61.28) — The Detroit Institute of Arts |publisher=Dia.org |access-date=July 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223215130/http://www.dia.org/the_collection/overview/viewobject.asp?objectid=34767 |archive-date=February 23, 2009 }} c. 1859, oil on canvas, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan
1861 – Echo Lake, Franconia Mountains, NH,{{cite web |url=http://scma.smith.edu/artmuseum/layout/set/popup/content/view/full/276 |title=Echo Lake, Franconia Mountains, New Hampshire / North American / Art of the Americas / Highlights By Category / Collection Highlights / Collections / Smith College Museum of Art – Smith College Museum of Art |publisher=Scma.smith.edu |access-date=July 5, 2013 |archive-date=March 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322093832/http://scma.smith.edu/artmuseum/layout/set/popup/content/view/full/276 |url-status=dead }} Smith College Museum of Art,{{cite web|url=http://www.smith.edu/artmuseum/ |title=Home / Smith College Museum of Art – Smith College Museum of Art |publisher=Smith.edu |access-date=July 5, 2013}} Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
1863 – The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, New York
1864 – Cho-looke, the Yosemite Fall, oil on canvas, Timken Museum of Art, San Diego, California{{cite web|title=Cho-looke, the Yosemite Fall, 1864 |url=http://www.timkenmuseum.org/1-american-bierstadtB.html |publisher=Timken Museum of Art |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221165354/http://www.timkenmuseum.org/1-american-bierstadtB.html |archive-date=February 21, 2009 }}
1864 – Valley of the Yosemite,{{cite web |title=Valley of the Yosemite |url=http://user.xmission.com/~emailbox/glenda/bierstadt/b-valley_of_the_yosemite.jpg |access-date = May 31, 2014}} oil on paper, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts
1865 – Looking Down Yosemite Valley, Birmingham Museum of Art, Alabama{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Looking Down Yosemite Valley, California {{!}} Birmingham Museum of Art |url=https://www.artsbma.org/collection/looking-down-yosemite-valley-california/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |language=en-US}}
1866 – Yosemite Valley,{{cite web |title=Yosemite Valley |date=October 31, 2018|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/art/221.1922}} Oil on canvas on panel-back stretcher, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio
1866 – On the Hudson River Near Irvington, 1866–70, oil on paper, Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Massachusetts
1866 – A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie, oil on canvas, Brooklyn Museum, New York City, New York
1868 – Connecticut River Valley, Claremont, New Hampshire, 1868, oil on canvas, Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Massachusetts
1868 – In the Sierras,{{cite web|url=http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/art/230235 |title=In the Sierras |publisher=Harvard Art Museums |access-date=July 5, 2013}} Fogg Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
1868 – Among the Sierra Nevada, California,{{cite web |title=Among the Sierra Nevada, California |url=http://americanart.si.edu/images/1977/1977.107.1_1a.jpg |publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=May 31, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601200952/http://americanart.si.edu/images/1977/1977.107.1_1a.jpg |archive-date=June 1, 2014 }} Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
1869 – Glen Ellis Falls, oil on canvas, Zimmerli Art Museum, New Brunswick, New Jersey
1870 – Sierra Nevada Morning, oil on canvas, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma
1870 – Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast,{{cite web|url=http://www1.seattleartmuseum.org/eMuseum/code/emuseum.asp?style=browse¤trecord=1&page=search&profile=objects&searchdesc=Number%20is%202000.70&searchstring=Number/,/is/,/2000.70/,/0/,/0&newvalues=1&newstyle=single&newcurrentrecord=1|title=Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast|publisher=Seattle Art Museum|access-date=July 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801045253/http://www1.seattleartmuseum.org/eMuseum/code/emuseum.asp?style=browse¤trecord=1&page=search&profile=objects&searchdesc=Number%20is%202000.70&searchstring=Number%2F%2C%2Fis%2F%2C%2F2000.70%2F%2C%2F0%2F%2C%2F0&newvalues=1&newstyle=single&newcurrentrecord=1|archive-date=August 1, 2017|url-status=dead}} oil on canvas, Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington
1870 – Laramie Peak, oil on canvas, Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, New York
1871 – Domes of Yosemite,{{cite web|url=http://www.stjathenaeum.org/gallery_images/domes_of_yosemite.htm |title=St. Johnsbury Athenaeum>>This Week from the Gallery Archives |publisher=Stjathenaeum.org |access-date=July 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927010851/http://stjathenaeum.org/gallery_images/domes_of_yosemite.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2013 }} c. 1871, St. Johnsbury Athenaeum, St. Johnsbury, Vermont
1874 – Giant Redwood Trees of California, c. 1874, oil on canvas, Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Massachusetts
1875 – Mount Adams, Washington, 1875, oil on canvas, Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, New Jersey
1876 – Mount Corcoran,{{cite web |url=http://collection.corcoran.org/collection/work/mount-corcoran?apcat=1 |title=Mount Corcoran | Corcoran |publisher=Collection.corcoran.org |access-date=July 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083528/http://collection.corcoran.org/collection/work/mount-corcoran?apcat=1 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 }} c. 1876–77, oil on canvas, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
1888 – The Last of the Buffalo,{{cite web |url=http://collection.corcoran.org/collection/work/last-buffalo?apcat=1 |title=The Last of the Buffalo | Corcoran |publisher=Collection.corcoran.org |access-date=July 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518091338/http://collection.corcoran.org/collection/work/last-buffalo?apcat=1 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 }} oil on canvas, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
1889 – Alaskan Coast Range,{{cite web |title=Alaskan Coast Range |url=http://americanart.si.edu/images/1967/1967.136.7_1a.jpg |publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=May 31, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502013555/http://americanart.si.edu/images/1967/1967.136.7_1a.jpg |archive-date=May 2, 2014 }} c. 1889, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
1891 – The Last of the Buffalo,{{cite web |title=Valley Fine Art|url=http://www.valleyfineart.com/artists-art/?at=AlbertBierstadt |publisher=Valley Fine Art Gallery |access-date=March 2, 2015}} c. 1891, vintage photogravure, Valley Fine Art Gallery, Aspen, Colorado
1895 – The Morteratsch Glacier Upper Engadine Valley – Pontresina

Selected paintings

File:Albert Bierstadt - Roman Fish Market. Arch of Octavius - Google Art Project.jpg|Roman Fish Market, Arch of Octavius, 1858, De Young Museum, San Francisco, California

File:Gosnold at Cuttyhunk.jpg|Gosnold at Cuttyhunk, c. 1858, New Bedford Whaling Museum, New Bedford, Massachusetts

File:Albert Bierstadt - The Marina Piccola, Capri.jpg|The Marina Piccola, Capri, 1859, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York

File:Albert Bierstadt - Indians Spear Fishing - Google Art Project.jpg|Indians Spear Fishing, 1862, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas

File:Albert Bierstadt - Guerrilla Warfare.jpg|Guerilla Warfare, Civil War, 1862, Century Association, New York City

File:Albert Bierstadt - Sunlight and Shadow - Google Art Project.jpg|Sunlight and Shadow, 1862, De Young Museum, San Francisco, California

File:Bierstadt Albert Oregon Trail.jpg|Oregon Trail (Campfire), 1863

File:Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, 1863, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

File:Albert Bierstadt - Valley of the Yosemite - Google Art Project.jpg|Valley of the Yosemite, 1864, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts

File:Looking Down Yosemite-Valley.jpg|Looking Down Yosemite Valley, California, 1865, Birmingham Museum of Art, Alabama

File:Bierstadt Albert Staubbach Falls Near Lauterbrunnen Switzerland.jpg|Staubbach Falls, Near Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland, 1865

File:Albert Bierstadt - A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie - Google Art Project.jpg|A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie, 1866, Brooklyn Museum, New York City

File:Bierstadt Albert - Yosemite Valley.jpg|Yosemite Valley, Yosemite Park, c. 1868, Oakland Museum, California

File:Albert Bierstadt 001.jpg|Lake Tahoe, 1868, Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts

File:HRSOA AlbertBierstadt-Storm in the Mountains.jpg|Storm in the Mountains, c. 1870, Museum of Fine Art, Boston, Massachusetts

File:Sierra Nevada Albert Bierstadt circa 1871.jpeg|Sierra Nevada, c. 1871–1873, Reynolda House Museum of American Art, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

File:Albert_Bierstadt_-_Giant_Redwood_Trees_of_California_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|Giant Redwood Trees of California, 1874, Berkshire Museum, Massachusetts

File:Albert Bierstadt - California Spring - Google Art Project.jpg|California Spring, 1875, De Young Museum, San Francisco, California

File:1875, Bierstadt, Albert, Mount Adams, Washington.jpg|Mount Adams, Washington, 1875, Princeton University Art Museum, New Jersey

File:Sunrise on the Matterhorn MET DT218107.jpg|Sunrise on the Matterhorn, after 1875, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

File:Albert Bierstadt, Estes Park and Longs Peak, circa 1876.jpg|Estes Park, Long's Peak, c 1876-1877, Denver Art Museum, Colorado (on loan from the Denver Public Library)

File:Albert Bierstadt - Mount Corcoran.jpg|Mount Corcoran, c. 1876–1877, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

File:Emerald Sea - Albert Bierstadt.jpg|Emerald Sea (or The Shore of the Turquoise Sea), 1878, Manoogian Collection, Detroit, Michigan

File:Albert Bierstadt - Light in the Forest.jpg|Light in the Forest, unknown date

Legacy and honors

File:Bierstadt Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA.jpg, Rocky Mountain National Park]]

Because of Bierstadt's interest in mountain landscapes, Mount Bierstadt and Bierstadt Lake in Colorado are named in his honor. Bierstadt was probably the first European to visit the summit of Mount Blue Sky in 1863, 1.5 miles from Mount Bierstadt.William Newton Byers, [https://archive.org/details/magazineofwester1118clev/page/n263/mode/2up Bierstadt's Visit to Colorado: Sketching for the famous painting, "Storm in the Rocky Mountains"], Magazine of Western History, Vol. 11, No. 3, Jan. 1890; page 237-240. Bierstadt named it Mount Rosa, a reference to both Monte Rosa above Zermatt and, Rosalie Ludlow, his future wife, but the name was changed from Rosalie to Evans in 1895 in honor of Colorado governor John Evans, and again in 2023 to Blue Sky.
In 1998, the United States Postal Service issued a set of 20 commemorative stamps entitled "Four Centuries of American Art", one of which featured Albert Bierstadt's The Last of the Buffalo.{{cite web|url=http://www.artonstamps.org/Countries/USA/USArt-400.htm |title=ArtOnStamps.org |publisher=ArtOnStamps.org |date=July 9, 2010 |access-date=May 20, 2012}} In 2008, the USPS issued a commemorative stamp in its "American Treasures" series featuring Bierstadt's 1864 painting Valley of the Yosemite.{{cite web|url=http://shop.usps.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10152&storeId=10001&categoryId=21902&productId=39451&langId=-1 |title=The Postal Store @ USPS.com |publisher=Shop.usps.com |date=March 28, 2011 |access-date=May 20, 2012}}
William Bliss Baker, another landscape artist, studied under Bierstadt.
The 2018 novel, The Overstory, by Richard Powers features Bierstadt’s painting “Cathedral Forest” as the cover art, further designed by Evan Gaffney. The book won the 2018 AIGA [https://50books50covers.secure-platform.com/a/gallery/rounds/42/details/28951 50 Covers] award. The author also won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the book.

References

External links

{{Internet Archive author |sname=Albert Bierstadt}}
[https://www.albertbierstadt.org/ Albert Bierstadt] (albertbierstadt.org)
[https://fineartamerica.com/art/paintings/albert+bierstadt Albert Bierstadt Paintings] at fineartamerica.com
[https://www.whitemountainart.com/about-3/artists/albert-bierstadt-gallery/ White Mountain paintings by Albert Bierstadt]
[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/albert-bierstadt-letter-collection-5939 A finding aid to the Albert Bierstadt letter collection, 1880–1893 in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20061006110723/http://mynptv.org/artsFeat/monamoments/mona42bierstadt.html "Against His Grain: Albert Bierstadt's 'Clouds Over the Prairie{{'"}}] MONA Moment, Museum of Nebraska Art
[http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=102 Gallery of Bierstadt's Paintings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126115812/http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=102 |date=January 26, 2021 }}
[http://findingaid.winterthur.org/html/HTML_Finding_Aids/COL0276.htm The Winterthur Library]—Overview of an archival collection on Albert Bierstadt.
[http://www.albertbierstadt.org Albert Bierstadt Paintings Gallery]—345 images online
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509181735/http://www.rwnaf.org/albert_bierstadt.html Albert Bierstadt's Biography] at The R.W. Norton Art Gallery
[https://www.berkshireeagle.com/stories/giant-redwood-trees-will-fall-at-berkshire-museum-despite-interpretive-value,543640 {{"'}}Giant Redwood Trees' will fall at Berkshire Museum despite interpretive value"], The Berkshire Eagle, June 30, 2018
[https://www.wikiart.org/en/albert-bierstadt Albert Bierstadt], WikiArt
{{Find a Grave|3014}}