Albert Neuberger

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Albert Neuberger

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| image = Albert_Neuberger.jpg

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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1908|4|15}}

| birth_place = Hassfurt, Bavaria, German Empire

| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1996|8|14|1908|4|15}}

| death_place = Hampstead, London, England

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| nationality = British

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| workplaces = University of Cambridge

| alma_mater = University of Würzburg
University College London

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| doctoral_advisor = Charles Robert Harington

| academic_advisors =

| doctoral_students = Frederick Sanger

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| awards = Fellow of the Royal Society

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| spouse = Lilian Ida Dreyfus

| children = David Neuberger
James Neuberger
Anthony Neuberger
Michael Neuberger
Janet Neuberger

}}

Albert Neuberger {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|fRS|FRCP}}{{Cite ODNB | author = Sharon, Nathan| title = Neuberger, Albert (1908–1996), biochemist| doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/61494 | year = 2004 }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Allen | first1 = A. K. | last2 = Muir | first2 = H. M. | authorlink2 = Helen Muir| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2001.0021 | title = Albert Neuberger. 15 April 1908 -- 14 August 1996: Elected F.R.S. 1951 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 47 | pages = 369–382 | year = 2001 | pmid = 15124648| s2cid = 72943723 }} (15 April 1908 – 14 August 1996) was a British Professor of Chemical Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, 1955–1973, and later emeritus professor.{{Cite journal | last1 = Sharon | first1 = N. | last2 = Barzu | first2 = T. | last3 = Herault | first3 = J. P. | last4 = Herbert | first4 = J. M. | title = Obituary | doi = 10.1093/glycob/7.3.323-b | journal = Glycobiology | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–327 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9147040| doi-access = free }}{{Cite journal

| last1 = Sharon | first1 = N.

| title = Albert Neuberger (1908-96): Founder of modern glycoprotein research

| journal = Glycobiology

| volume = 7

| issue = 3

| pages = x–xiii

| year = 1997

| pmid = 9147039

| doi = 10.1093/glycob/7.3.323-c

| doi-access = free

}}{{Cite journal

| last1 = Sharon | first1 = N.

| title = Albert Neuberger (1908-96): Founder of modern glycoprotein research

| journal = Glycoconjugate Journal

| volume = 14

| issue = 2

| pages = 155–158

| year = 1997

| pmid = 9111132

}}{{Cite journal

| last1 = Allen | first1 = A. K.

| last2 = Palmer | first2 = T. N.

| title = Glycoproteins: A tribute to Albert Neuberger

| journal = Biochemical Society Transactions

| volume = 7

| issue = 4

| pages = 781–782

| year = 1979

| pmid = 383551

| doi=10.1042/bst0070781

}}

Education in Germany

Born in Hassfurt, northern Bavaria, the first of the three children of Max Neuberger (1877–1931), cloth merchant and businessman, and Bertha, née Hiller (1888–1974), both religious Jews.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, OUP 2004, {{ISBN|0-19-861411-X}} He studied medicine at the University of Würzburg where he was awarded a summa cum laude medical degree.{{cite web|title = Transcript of Prof. Albert Neuberger in conversation with Prof. Robin Marshall and Dr. George Tait, December 1989, with link to download option via Athens login. Covers his entire life in some detail including time in Berlin and early experience of London|url = http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html|accessdate = 22 May 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515164155/http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html|archive-date = 15 May 2009|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}} He also took courses in chemistry there and also attended lectures given by Karl Bonhöffer, the outstanding psychiatrist and neurologist. He also worked for a while in research in Berlin where he began a lifelong friendship with Ernst Chain. Chain shared the 1945 Nobel prize with Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey for their work on penicillin.

Education and career in England

Neuberger foresaw Hitler's persecution of the Jews after he came to power in 1933, and, as with numerous other Jewish intellectuals (including Chain), he fled to London. He received a PhD from the University College London (UCL) after attending UCL Medical School under Professor Sir Charles Robert Harington FRS in 1936 and continued research there. At the start of the Second World War he moved to the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge where he took on Fred Sanger as his PhD student. They published a paper together on the nitrogen content of potatoes.{{citation| last1=Neuberger | first1=A. | last2=Sanger | first2=F. | year=1942 | title=The nitrogen of the potato | journal=Biochemical Journal | volume=36 | issue=7–9 | pages=662–671 | pmid=16747571 | pmc=1266851 | doi=10.1042/bj0360662}}. In 1942 he moved back to London to work at the National Institute for Medical Research. During the war, he spent some time in India as a consultant in nutrition to the army. From 1950 to 1955 he was Head of Biochemistry at the National Institute for Medical Research. He then moved to St Mary's Hospital as Professor.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1951, as was his son, Michael Neuberger, in 1993—a rare case of both father and son being FRS. He was appointed a CBE in 1964. He was also a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal Society of Chemistry. Other awards include the Heberden medal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1959), the Frederick Gowland Hopkins medal of the Biochemical Society (1960) and of which he was elected an honorary member (1973). He was also a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1972). He received honorary doctorates from the University of Aberdeen (1967), the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1968), and the University of Hull (1981).

He married Lilian Ida Dreyfus in 1943 and was the father of (1) James Neuberger, (2) David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury, (3) Anthony Neuberger,{{cite web|title=University of Warwick Business school, faculty members. |url=http://www.wbs.ac.uk/faculty/members/anthony/neuberger |accessdate=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003122810/http://www.wbs.ac.uk/faculty/members/anthony/neuberger |archivedate=3 October 2008 }} Professor of Finance, University of Warwick, (4) Michael Neuberger and (5) Janet Neuberger. He was also the brother of Rabbi Herman Neuberger.