Albert Taylor Bledsoe

{{Short description|American priest, mathematician and army officer}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Albert Taylor Bledsoe

| image = Picture of Albert Taylor Bledsoe.jpg

| caption =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1809|11|9}}

| birth_place = Frankfort, Kentucky

| death_date = {{death date and age|1877|12|8|1809|11|9}}

| death_place = Alexandria, Virginia (another source says Baltimore, Maryland)

| education =

| alma_mater = United States Military Academy
Kenyon College, Ohio

| occupation = educator, attorney, author, and clergyman

| spouse = Harriet Coxe (married in 1836)

| children = 7, including Sophia Bledsoe Herrick

| parents = Moses Owsley Bledsoe and Sophia Childress Taylor

| relatives = Margaret Coxe (sister-in-law)
Sophie Bledsoe Aberle (great-granddaughter)

| party = Whig Party (United States)

| nationality = American

| signature =

}}

Albert Taylor Bledsoe (November 9, 1809 – December 8, 1877) was an American Episcopal priest, attorney, professor of mathematics, and officer in the Confederate army and was best known as a staunch defender of slavery and, after the South lost the American Civil War, an architect of the Lost Cause.Terry A. Barnhart, Albert Taylor Bledsoe: Defender of the Old South and Architect of the Lost Cause (Louisiana State University Press; 2011)David S. Reynolds, Abe:Abraham Lincoln in His Times, New York: Penguin Press, 2020, page 108. Bledsoe was "one of the main architects of the Lost Cause." He was the author of Liberty and Slavery (1856), "the most extensive philosophical treatment of slavery ever produced by a Southern academic", which defended slavery laws as ensuring proper societal order.{{cite book|title=University, Court, and Slave: Pro-Slavery Thought in Southern Colleges and Courts and the Coming of Civil War|first=Alfred L.|last=Brophy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780190263614|page=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlCsDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT89}}

Early life and education

Bledsoe was born on November 9, 1809, in Frankfort, Kentucky, the oldest of five children of Moses Owsley Bledsoe and Sophia Childress Taylor (who was a relative of President Zachary Taylor).{{Cite web |url=http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/00602-Bledsoe.html |title=00593-Lee-TJ |access-date=2009-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712173201/http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/00602-Bledsoe.html |archive-date=2010-07-12 |url-status=dead }} He was a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point from 1825 to 1830, where he was a fellow cadet of Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee.{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/albert-taylor-bledsoe|title=Answers – The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions|website=Answers.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}} After serving two years in the United States Army, he studied law and theology at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, and received his M.A. and LL.M. In 1836. he married Harriet Coxe of Burlington, New Jersey, and they had seven children, four of whom survived childhood.

His daughter was the author Sophia Bledsoe Herrick.{{cite book|last=Hollis|first=C. Carroll|editor=Flora, Joseph M.|title=Southern writers: a biographical dictionary|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EpX4H4JdZOgC&pg=PA223|accessdate=18 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=978-0-8071-0390-6|pages=223–|chapter=Sophia Bledsoe Herrick}}

College professor and mathematician

Adjunct Professor of Mathematics and French, Kenyon College, (OH) 1833–1834.
Professor of Mathematics, Miami University (OH), 1834–1835.
Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, 1848–1854.
Professor of Mathematics, University of Virginia, 1854–1861.

Bledsoe in his lectures at the University of Virginia would frequently "interlard his demonstration of some difficult problem in differential or integral calculus—for example, the lemniscata of {{sic|Bernouilli|expected=Bernoulli}}—with some vigorous remarks in the doctrine of States' rights". His book The Philosophy of Mathematics was one of the earliest American works on mathematics and includes chapters on Descartes, Leibnitz, and Newton. Bledsoe is perhaps best remembered for his treatise An Essay on Liberty and Slavery,{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/essayonlibertysl01bled|title=An essay on liberty and slavery|first=Albert Taylor|last=Bledsoe|date=7 November 2017|publisher=Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott & Co.|accessdate=7 November 2017|via=Internet Archive}} which presented an extended proslavery argument. Bledsoe argued that the natural state of humans was in society, not in nature, and that humans in society needed to have restraints on their actions. That is, he argued that liberty was greatest when humans were allowed to exercise only the amount of freedom they were naturally suited to. Some had to be restrained; others were entitled to freedom.

Clergyman

In 1835, Bledsoe became an Episcopal minister and became an assistant to Bishop Smith of Kentucky. He abandoned his clerical career in 1838 because of his opposition to infant baptism. Later in life, he was ordained a Methodist minister in 1871, but he never took charge of a church.[https://web.archive.org/web/20230621132518/https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc02.html?term=Bledsoe,+Albert+Taylor] He was a strenuous advocate of the doctrine of free will and his views are set forth in his book Examination of Edwards on the Will (1845).

Lawyer

In 1838, Bledsoe moved to Springfield, Illinois, where he was a law partner of Edward D. Baker, and where he practiced law in the same courts as Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas.{{Cite web |url=http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/00602-Bledsoe-U-VA.html |title=00602-Bledsoe-U-VA |access-date=2009-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714043436/http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/00602-Bledsoe-U-VA.html |archive-date=2010-07-14 |url-status=dead }} He practiced before the United States Supreme Court in Washington DC from 1840 to 1848.

Confederate official

In 1861, Bledsoe received a commission as a colonel in the Confederate army, and later became Acting Assistant Secretary of War. In 1863 he was sent to London for the purpose of researching various historical problems relating to the north–south conflict, as well as guiding British public opinion in favor of the Confederate cause.

Southern apologist

In 1868 he moved back to the United States and published the Southern Review.Mott, Frank L. (1938). "The Southern Review." In: A History of American Magazines, 1865–1885. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. 382. He was the "epitome of an unreconstructed Southerner" and published articles defending slavery and secession.

Death

Bledsoe died on December 8, 1877, in Alexandria, Virginia.

Writings

[https://archive.org/details/examinationofpre00bledrich Examination of Edwards on the Will] (1845).
[https://archive.org/details/theodicyorvindic00bled A Theodicy, or Vindication of the Divine Glory] (1853).
[https://archive.org/details/essayonlibertysl01bled Essay on Liberty and Slavery] (1856).
[https://archive.org/details/isdavisatraitor00bledgoog Is Davis a Traitor? or Was Secession a Constitutional Right previous to the War of 1861? ] (1866).
[https://archive.org/details.php?identifier=philosophymathe00bledgoog The Philosophy of Mathematics, with Special Reference to the Elements of Geometry and the Infinitesimal Method] (1868).

References

External links

{{Gutenberg author | id=32979| name=Albert Taylor Bledsoe}}
{{Internet Archive author |sname=Albert Taylor Bledsoe}}
[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000640865 The Southern Review,] at Hathi Trust
[http://www.answers.com/topic/albert-taylor-bledsoe Biography of Albert Taylor Bledsoe at Answers.com]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509194457/http://www.math.virginia.edu/MathHistory/bledsoe.htm Biography of Albert Taylor Bledsoe at the University of Virginia]
[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/albert-taylor-bledsoe/ Biography of Albert Taylor Bledsoe from the Encyclopedia of World Biography]
[http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/Moments09RS/web/Lincoln%20moments%2012.pdf Biography on Albert Taylor Bledsoe from the Kentucky Historical Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511081746/http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/Moments09RS/web/Lincoln%20moments%2012.pdf |date=2009-05-11 }}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100712173201/http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/00602-Bledsoe.html Fact sheet on Albert Taylor Bledsoe from the United States Military Academy]
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc02.html?term=Bledsoe,+Albert+Taylor Entry on Bledsoe, Albert Taylor at the New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge]