Albina, Suriname

{{Other uses|Albina (disambiguation){{!}}Albina}}

{{Infobox settlement

| official_name = Albina

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| image_skyline = Albina2008.jpg

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| image_caption = Albina in 2008

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| image_map = Marowijne Resorts Suriname Neutral.png

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| map_caption = Map showing the resorts of Marowijne District.{{legend|#FFA0A0|Albina}}

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| subdivision_name = 25px Suriname

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| subdivision_name1 = Marowijne District

| subdivision_type2 = Resort (municipality)

| subdivision_name2 = Albina

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Albina is a town in eastern Suriname, and is capital of the Marowijne District. The town lies on the west bank of the Marowijne river (Maroni river), which forms the border with French Guiana, directly opposite the French Guianan town of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, to which it is connected by a frequent ferry service. Albina can be reached by bus via the East-West Link. The distance between Paramaribo and Albina is about {{convert|150|km|mi|round=5}}.{{Cite web|url=http://mintct.sr/parasta/transport.htm|title=Transport|language=nl|website=Ministry of Transport, Communication and Tourism|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=30 May 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530200131/http://mintct.sr/parasta/transport.htm|url-status=dead}}

History

Albina was founded on 13 December 1846 by August Kappler,De West, [https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110636896:mpeg21:a0043 Verslag Eeuwfeest Albina], 20 december 1946 and was named after his wife Albina Josefine Liezenmaier (1815-1904). Kappler had left Germany, and journeyed to Suriname. He noticed an abandoned indigenous village near the Maroni river. Later he met friendly indigenous and Maroon people nearby, and decided to settle in the village after having received permission.{{Cite web|title=Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië - Page 398 - Kappler (August)|website=Digital Library for Dutch Literature|url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/benj004ency01_01/benj004ency01_01.pdf|date=1916|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl}} By 1913, there was a little town with a medical clinic, and Albina was home to 349 men and 266 women.{{Cite web|title=Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië - Page 36 - Albina|website=Digital Library for Dutch Literature|url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/benj004ency01_01/benj004ency01_01.pdf|date=1916|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl}}

On 22 July 1986, the Surinamese Interior War started. That night, the Jungle Commando, led by Ronnie Brunswijk, opened fire on the army barracks in Albina. The fighting lasted three hours. One soldier and two civilians were wounded.{{cite news|url=https://www.digibron.nl/viewer/collectie/Digibron/id/02408c77d71f20c8befc27ebdb7cf197|title=Leger Suriname zoekt gijzelaars |website=Reformatorisch Dagblad via Delpher|date=26 July 1986|access-date=19 May 2020}} The National Army responded by destroying the temple in Moengotapoe, and capturing all males present.{{cite web|url=http://rozenbergquarterly.com/the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands-in-the-caribbean-suriname-1954-2004-kroniek-van-een-illusie/ |title=The Kingdom Of The Netherlands In The Caribbean. Suriname 1954 – 2004: Kroniek van een illusie|website=Rozenberg Quarterly|access-date=14 May 2020|language=nl}} During the civil war (1986–1992) which followed, great parts of the area, including much of the town of Albina, and the road, were destroyed. It also caused a refugee crisis into French Guiana.{{cite web|url=https://www.suriname.nu/175alg/marowijne02.html|title=Distrikt Marowijne|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl|website=Suriname.nu}} The birthplace of Ronnie Brunswijk is the village of Moiwana{{cite web|url=https://isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/het-bloedbad-van-moiwana-in-suriname|title=Het bloedbad van Moiwana in Suriname|website=Is Geschiedenis.nl|date=29 November 2016|access-date=14 May 2020|language=nl}} Moiwana was the scene of the Moiwana massacre where 35 people, mostly women and children were killed by the National Army.{{cite web|url=http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/Sur-summary-eng|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222112842/http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/Sur-summary-eng|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2006|title=Suriname 2003 report|access-date=14 May 2020}}

On 24–25 December 2009, the Albina riots took place,{{cite web |last1=Elizondo |first1=Gabriel |title =Christmas violence in Suriname | url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/americas/2009/12/27/christmas-violence-suriname | access-date =December 27, 2009 | date =December 27, 2009 | publisher=Al Jazeera| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091231022547/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/americas/2009/12/27/christmas-violence-suriname| archive-date= December 31, 2009 | url-status= live}} when local Maroon inhabitants attacked Brazilian, Chinese, Colombian and Peruvian gold prospectors after a man was allegedly stabbed to death by a Brazilian.{{cite web|title=Conflito no Suriname levou a pelo menos 7 mortes, diz missionário |url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Mundo/0,,MUL1427214-5602,00-CONFLITO+NO+SURINAME+LEVOU+A+PELO+MENOS+MORTES+DIZ+MISSIONARIO.html |access-date=December 27, 2009 |date=December 26, 2009 |publisher=G1 Globo.com |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231010054/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Mundo/0%2C%2CMUL1427214-5602%2C00-CONFLITO%2BNO%2BSURINAME%2BLEVOU%2BA%2BPELO%2BMENOS%2BMORTES%2BDIZ%2BMISSIONARIO.html |archive-date=December 31, 2009 |url-status=live }} The riots caused one death, and at least 24 wounded.{{cite web|title=Missão da FAB deve ir ao Suriname para prestar auxílio a brasileiros |url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Mundo/0,,MUL1427204-5602,00.html |access-date=December 27, 2009 |date=December 26, 2009 |publisher=G1 Globo.com |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230222942/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Mundo/0%2C%2CMUL1427204-5602%2C00.html |archive-date=December 30, 2009 |url-status=live }}

Transportation

Plans have been made to build a bridge between Suriname and French Guiana, however as of May 2020, no action has been taken.IIRSA.org - [http://www.iirsa.org/bancomedios/documentos%20pdf/aic_ficha_proyecto_29_eng.pdf Improvement of the Marowijne River International Crossing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725033013/http://www.iirsa.org/bancomedios/documentos%20pdf/aic_ficha_proyecto_29_eng.pdf |date=2011-07-25 }} - [http://www.iirsa.org/proyectos/detalle_proyecto.aspx?h=201 project summary]Indianfeelings.nl - [http://www.indianfeelings.nl/fusie-suriname-en-franks-guyana?.html Fusie Suriname en Franks Guyana?]

The town has a small airport, the Albina Airstrip, with a {{convert|650|m|round=50|adj=on}} asphalt runway in use since 1953.

Albina has a small boat (korjaal) connection to Galibi. The journey across the water takes about 1.5 hrs. There is a beach and a small tourist shop. The main reason tourists visit Galibi is to see the turtles, which come from all over the world (including places as distant as Costa Rica and Australia) to lay their eggs in Suriname.{{cite web|url=https://www.galibi-suriname.com/|title=Galibi Tour naar Galibi Zeeschildpadden|website=Galibi Suriname|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl,en}}

Notable people

Ronnie Brunswijk (1961), Vice President of Suriname, ex-rebel leader and business man.{{cite news|url=http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/|title=Live blog: Verkiezing president en vicepresident Suriname|website=De Ware Tijd|access-date=13 July 2020|language=nl|archive-date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115220444/http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/|url-status=dead}}
Henk Chin A Sen (1934-1999), former President of Suriname.{{cite web|url=https://www.suriname.nu/303ges/januari23.html|title=Wat gebeurde er in Januari in Suriname|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl|website=Suriname.nu}}
Olton van Genderen (1921-1990), Deputy Prime Minister.{{cite web|url=http://www.ow-vangenderen.nl/|title=Olton van Genderen Stichting|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl}}
Oscar Harris (1934), musician.{{cite web|url=https://www.suriname.nu/701vips/muziek04.html|title=Oscar Harris|access-date=19 May 2020|language=nl|website=Suriname.nu}}

Villages

Alfonsdorp and Marijkedorp are indigenous Lokono villages.{{cite web|url=https://vids.sr/about/dorpsbesturen/|title=Dorpen en Dorpsbesturen |website=Vereniging van Inheemse Dorpshoofden|access-date=22 February 2021|language=nl}}
Bigiston is a group of Ndyuka Maroons and indigenous Kalina villages.{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321423671_Winti_practices_in_Bigiston|title=Winti Practives in Bigiston. Page 21|access-date=31 May 2020|website=Research Gate}}
Moiwana is a Ndyuka village where the {{ill| Moiwana massacre of 1986|nl|Bloedbad van Moiwana}} took place.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222112842/http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/Sur-summary-eng |url=http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/Sur-summary-eng |archive-date=22 February 2006 |title=Suriname Report |year=2003 |website=Amnesty International |access-date=1 July 2022}}

Sister cities

25px Koksijde, Belgium.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.parbode.com/koksijde-vrijt-met-albina/ |title=Koksijde vrijt met Albina |website=Parbode|access-date=23 December 2021|language=nl}}

References

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}

Category:Resorts of Suriname

Category:French Guiana–Suriname border crossings

Category:Populated places in Marowijne District

Category:Populated places established in 1846

Category:1846 establishments in South America