Alcántara Bridge

{{Infobox bridge

|bridge_name = Alcántara Bridge

|image = 260px

|caption =

|official_name =

|carries =

|crosses = Tagus River

|locale = Alcántara, Spain

|maint =

|id =

|designer = Caius Julius Lacer

|design = Roman arch bridge

|material = Stone

|spans = 6

|pierswater =

|mainspan = {{cvt|28.8|m|ft}}

|length = {{cvt|181.7|m|ft}}{{harvnb|Galliazzo|1994|p=354}}

|width = {{cvt|8.6|m|ft}}

|height = {{cvt|45|m|ft}}From river bed to deck, excluding the triumphal arch ({{harvnb|Galliazzo|1994|pp=354f.}}). {{harvnb|O'Connor|1993|p=109}} gives 48 m, 40–42 m for the height above the water level plus 14 m for the triumphal arch.

|load = {{cvt|52|t|ST}}{{harvnb|Durán Fuentes|2004|p=237}}

|clearance =

|below =

|traffic =

|begin = 104 AD

|complete = 106 AD

|open =

|closed =

|toll =

|heritage = Listed as cultural heritage since 1921Patrimonio histórico: [http://www.mcu.es/bienes/cargarFiltroBienesInmuebles.do?layout=bienesInmuebles&cache=init&language=es Bienes culturales protegidos. Consulta de bienes inmuebles. Bien: "Puente de Alcántara"], retrieved 13-01-2010 {{in lang|es}}

|map_width =

|coordinates = {{coord|39.7224|-6.8924|region:ES|display=inline,title}}

}}

The Alcántara Bridge (also known as Trajan's Bridge at Alcantara) is a Roman bridge at Alcántara, in Extremadura, Spain. Alcántara is from the Arabic word al-Qantarah (القنطرة) meaning "the arch". The stone arch bridge was built over the Tagus River between 104 and 106 AD by an order of the Roman emperor Trajan in 98.

History

File:Puente romano de Alcántara, en El Museo Universal.jpg

File:Alcántara, puente romano, J. Laurent y Cia. Madrid.jpg, seen from the south]]

The Alcántara Bridge has suffered more damage from war than from the elements over the years. The Moors destroyed one of the smallest arches in 1214 although this was rebuilt centuries later, in 1543, with stone taken from the original quarries. The second arch on the northwest side was then later destroyed in 1760 by the Spanish to stop the Portuguese advancing and was repaired in 1762 by Charles III, only to be blown up again in 1809 by Wellington's forces attempting to stop the French. Temporary repairs were made in 1819, but much of the bridge was destroyed yet again in 1836 by the Carlists. The bridge was rebuilt in 1860 using mortared masonry. And following completion of the José María de Oriol Dam, which allowed for the draining of the Tagus riverbed, the main pillars were completely repaired in 1969.

The bridge originally measured {{cvt|190|m|ft}} in length, which today is reduced to {{cvt|181.7|m|ft}}. The clear spans of the six arches from the right to the left riverside are {{cvt|13.6|m|ft}}, {{cvt|23.4|m|ft}}, {{cvt|28.8|m|ft}}, {{cvt|27.4|m|ft}}, {{cvt|21.9|m|ft}} and {{cvt|13.8|m|ft}}.{{harvnb|Galliazzo|1994|p=356}}

Construction

The bridge's construction occurred in the ancient Roman province of Lusitania. In ancient Rome, the costs of building and repairing bridges, known as {{lang|la|opus pontis}} ("bridge work"), were the responsibility of multiple local municipalities. Their shared costs prove Roman bridges belonged to the region overall, and not to any one town (or two, if on a border). The Alcántara Bridge was built at the expense of 12 local municipalities in Lusitania. The names were added on an inscription on the archway over the central pier.{{cite journal|last1=Frothingham|first1=A. I.|title=The Roman Territorial Arch|journal=American Journal of Archaeology|date=1915|volume=14|issue=19|pages=159, 172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xX1JAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA172|publisher=Macmillan Company|language=en}}

class="wikitable"

|+ Roman inscription on the archway{{Citation|last=Whitney|first=Charles S.|title=Bridges of the World: Their Design and Construction|orig-year=1929|year=2003|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, New York|isbn=0-486-42995-4|pages=75–79}}

! scope="col" | Original

! scope="col" | Latin in full

! scope="col" | Translation

{{lang|la|Municipia provinciae Lusitaniae stip conlata quae opus pontis perfecerunt. Imp. Caesari divi Nervae f. Nervae. Traiano Aug. Germ. Dacico Ponti f. Max. Trib. potes VIII. imp. V. cos V. PP.}}

| {{lang|la|Municipia provinciae Lusitaniae stip conlata quae opus pontis perfecerunt. Imperatori Caesari divi Nervae filio, Nervae Traiano Germanico Dacico, Pontifici Maximo, Tribuniciae Potestati VIII, Imperatori V, Patri Patriae}}

|The municipalities of the province of Lusitania contributed to the construction of the bridge. [Dedicated to] the Emperor Trajan, son of the deified Nerva, Conqueror of the Germans, Conqueror of the Dacians, the Chief High Priest, given Tribunician Power eight times, acclaimed Imperator five times, five times consul, Father of the Fatherland.

class="wikitable"

|+ Roman inscription on the temple

! scope="col" |Original

! scope="col" |Translation

{{lang|la|Pontem perpetui mansurum

in saecula mundi

{{nowrap|fecit divina nobilis arte Lacer ...}}}}

|

The illustrious Lacer, with divine skill, made this bridge, which shall remain through the unending ages of the world [lit., through the ages of the unending world]

Gallery

File:Puente_de_Alc%C3%A1ntara_tomada_desde_la_muralla_de_Alc%C3%A1ntara.JPG|

File:Bridge Alcantara.JPG|

Blick ueber die Bruecke von Alcantara.jpg|Looking south, in the background the small temple with Lacer's grave

Templo Romano dedicado a Trajano (Alcántara, Cáceres, España) , vista frontal..JPG|The entrance of the temple with the crypt of the Roman engineer

References

External links

{{Structurae|id=20000521|name=Alcantara Bridge}}
{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060430120616/http://www.spanisharts.com/arquitectura/imagenes/roma/alcantara_puente.html Puente de Alcántara sobre el Tajo, en Cáceres]}} {{in lang|es}}
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ems29SwEpic Video of the bridge]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsSkuLFi51Y Video of Alcántara]

Category:Roman bridges in Spain

Category:Deck arch bridges

Category:Stone bridges in Spain

Category:Bridges over the Tagus

Category:Bridges in Extremadura

Category:Trajan