Aleksandar Tsankov

{{Expand Bulgarian|topic=bio|Александър Цанков|date=January 2014}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Aleksandar Tsankov
Александър Цанков

| image = Aleksandar Tsankov.png

| caption = Tsankov in 1944

| office = 21st Prime Minister of Bulgaria

| term_start = 9 June 1923

| term_end = 4 January 1926

| monarch = Boris III

| predecessor = Aleksandar Stamboliyski

| successor = Andrey Lyapchev

| office2 = Prime Minister of the Bulgarian government-in-exile

| term_start2 = 16 September 1944

| term_end2 = 10 May 1945

| predecessor2 = Position established

| successor2 = Position abolished

| birth_date = {{birth date|1879|6|29|df=y}}

| birth_place = Oryahovo, Bulgaria

| death_date = {{death date and age|1959|7|27|1879|6|29|df=y}}

| death_place = Buenos Aires, Argentina

| party = Democratic Alliance (1923-1932)
National Social Movement (1932 afterwards)

}}

Aleksandar Tsolov Tsankov ({{langx|bg|Александър Цолов Цанков}}; 29 June 1879 – 27 July 1959) was a leading Bulgarian{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0048)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225205204/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+bg0048%29|archive-date=2013-02-25|title=Political crises in the 1930s|volume=Bulgaria Country Study|publisher=Library of Congress|date=1994|access-date=2018-10-09}} politician during the period between the two World Wars.

Biography

A professor of political economy at Sofia University from 1910 onwards,Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 he took a leading role in the coup that deposed Aleksandar Stamboliyski on 9 June 1923. The coup succeeded when the Bulgarian Communist Party took a neutral attitude towards the Agrarians rather than supporting Stamboliyski.S.G. Evans, A Short History of Bulgaria, London, Lawrence and Wishart, 1960, p. 161 He was chosen to head the coalition that succeeded the deposed premier, and became Prime Minister of Bulgaria the same day.{{cn|date=September 2023}} He continued in this role until 4 January 1926. During that period, he was the leader of the Democratic Alliance. Tsankov's premiership was marked by deep internal struggles with the Bulgarian Communist Party, which he repressed mercilessly, declaring martial law and outlawing the Communists in 1925 following an attempt on Tsar Boris's life and a bomb attack on the St Nedelya Cathedral. His actions led to the Comintern denouncing his government as a "victorious Bulgarian fascist clique"; he later turned his attentions to the Agrarian Peoples Union{{Clarify|date=February 2014|reason=Should this be 'Bulgarian Agrarian National Union'?}}, which was also suppressed, albeit less ferociously.{{cite book |last=Nolte |first=Ernst |author-link=Ernst Nolte |title=Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian fascism, National Socialism |publisher=Mentor |location=New York |year=1965 |page=29}}

A brief invasion by Greek troops followed, and although they did not stay long following condemnation by the League of Nations, the country was left crippled by debt. Tsankov was removed from office after failing to secure a loan for the country. Support for him had dwindled as the people tired of his reign of terror.Evans, op. cit., p. 170

After being removed from the political mainstream, Tsankov began to develop an admiration for Fascism and soon became a supporter of Adolf Hitler. In 1932, he set up his own National Social Movement mainly in imitation of the Nazi Party.Roger Griffin, The Nature of Fascism, London: Routledge, 1993, p. 210 The movement proved relatively unimportant (although it did represent a further fragmentation of the governing coalition), lacking the support of Zveno and failing to secure Nazi approval, which was primarily reserved for the Union of Bulgarian National Legions. Nonetheless, Tsankov was appointed by the Nazis in 1944 as prime minister of the Bulgarian government-in-exile set up in Germany in response to Kimon Georgiev's Fatherland Front government.Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism 1914-1945, London, Routledge, 2001, p. 430 This was even though Tsankov had been a signatory, one of only two from the right-wing opposition, to Dimitar Peshev's letter calling for an end to the deportation of Jews.Michael Bar-Zohar, Beyond Hitler's Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews, Adams Media Corporation, 1998, p. 147 Tsankov fled to Argentina after the Second World War, and died in Belgrano, Buenos Aires, in 1959.