Alexander O. Smith

Smith first gained an interest in Japanese after attending an exchange program in northern China.{{cite web |url=http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/04/27/Localization-Tactics-A-Conversation-with-Alexander-O-Smith/ |title=Localization Tactics: A Conversation with Alexander O. Smith |author=Jeriaska |publisher=Square Haven |date=April 27, 2007 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307094206/http://squarehaven.com/news/2007/04/27/Localization-Tactics-A-Conversation-with-Alexander-O-Smith |archive-date=March 7, 2013 }} He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Japanese from Dartmouth College/Keio University in 1995, and a Master of Arts degree in Classical Japanese Literature from Harvard University in 1998.{{cite web |author=Smith, Alexander O. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexander-o-smith-81376b12 |title=Alexander O. Smith LinkedIn profile |date=2016 |work=LinkedIn |access-date=February 13, 2016}} Just before graduation, he interned at Sega, during which he was asked to perform voice-over for Winter Heat.{{Cite podcast | url = http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | title = 8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt | publisher = 8-4 Play | host = MacDonald, Mark | date = January 24, 2014 | time = 8:15–10:55 | access-date = February 13, 2016 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235320/http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | archive-date = April 2, 2016 }} His first work in translation was as a subtitler for Japanese television dramas.{{Cite podcast | url = http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | title = 8-4 Play 1/24/2014: CANDY has a CRUSH on SAGAt | publisher = 8-4 Play | host = MacDonald, Mark | date = January 24, 2014 | time = 47:15–48:15 | access-date = February 13, 2016 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402235320/http://8-4.jp/blog/?p=1876 | archive-date = April 2, 2016 }} Smith joined Square after earning his master's degree, working as part of Richard Honeywood's nascent localization team. On his first project, Final Fantasy VIII, he and the other translators were not given access to the game files; they were instead forced to hack in their new dialogue using GameSharks during testing.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25985 |title=Interview: Kajiya Productions on Translating Final Fantasy |author=Jeriaska |publisher=Gamasutra |date=November 16, 2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513123741/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25985 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 }} In 1999, he worked as the main English translator for Yasumi Matsuno's Vagrant Story. Reviewers noted the high quality of the English script, in which Smith utilized various archaic English idioms and slang that distinguished the game from its straightforward Japanese counterpart.{{cite web|author=Zdyrko, David|date=May 22, 2000|title=Vagrant Story|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/05/23/vagrant-story|work=IGN|access-date=May 8, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528184750/http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/05/23/vagrant-story|archive-date=May 28, 2016}}{{cite web|author=Vestahl, Andrew |title=Vagrant Story Game Review |year=2000 |url=http://terror.snm-hgkz.ch/mirrors/thegia/sites/www.thegia.com/psx/vgst/vgst.html |work=GIA.com |access-date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627060506/http://terror.snm-hgkz.ch/mirrors/thegia/sites/www.thegia.com/psx/vgst/vgst.html |archive-date=June 27, 2007 }} His last major work as a Square employee was on Final Fantasy X, for which he was awarded "Best Localization" of 2001 by RPGamer.{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgamer.com/awards/2001/results/local.html |author=RPGamer staff |title=RPGamer Awards 2001: Best Localization |publisher=RPGamer |date=2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222071309/http://www.rpgamer.com/awards/2001/results/local.html |archive-date=February 22, 2016 }}

Smith left Square in 2002 to found Kajiya Productions—a freelance translation and localization company—with Joseph Reeder, his co-translator on Final Fantasy XII, though he would continue to collaborate on Square and Square Enix titles.{{cite web |url=https://www.librarything.com/author/smithalexandero/interview |title=Alexander O. Smith: LibraryThing Author Interview |author=Dibbell, Jeremy |publisher=LibraryThing |date=2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216161555/https://www.librarything.com/author/smithalexandero/interview |archive-date=February 16, 2016 }} By working as a contractor, he found that he had better access to the development team to aid in his translation process, free from the fetters of corporate communication protocols. In 2005, during the protracted development of Final Fantasy XII, Capcom hired Smith to work on the localization of Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney. He found director Shu Takumi's writing to be very funny and clever, which drew him to the challenge of translating Takumi's jokes and wordplay.{{cite web |url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/expert-witness-an-interview-with-alex-smith-the-writer-behind-ace-attorneys-english-debut |title=Expert Witness: An Interview with Alex Smith, the Writer Behind Ace Attorney's English Debut |author=Mackey, Bob |publisher=USgamer |date=June 23, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905110414/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/expert-witness-an-interview-with-alex-smith-the-writer-behind-ace-attorneys-english-debut |archive-date=September 5, 2015 }} Smith joined the Final Fantasy XII project after Yasumi Matsuno, the original director, had left and was not able to collaborate on the script with him directly, unlike with Vagrant Story. Principal voice recording took place over eight weeks, with months of translation work both before and after that.{{cite web |url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-voice-for-ivalice-the-localization-and-voice-acting-of-final-fantasy-xii |title=A Voice for Ivalice: The Localization and Voice Acting of Final Fantasy XII |author=Learned, John |date=October 12, 2015 |publisher=USgamer |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408045309/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-voice-for-ivalice-the-localization-and-voice-acting-of-final-fantasy-xii |archive-date=April 8, 2016 }} Smith worked with Matsuno again on the 2011 PlayStation Portable remake of Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together (titled Wheel of Fortune), which received a brand new translation.{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgsite.net/interview/3030-alexander-o-smith-interview |title=Alexander O. Smith Interview |author=Ward, Dave |publisher=RPG Site |date=November 8, 2011 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032815/http://www.rpgsite.net/interview/3030-alexander-o-smith-interview |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }} In 2011, Smith co-founded a book translation and publishing company called Bento Books with his friend Tony Gonzalez and his Kajiya Productions partner Joseph Reeder. The company's first major work was Math Girls, a mathematics-themed young adult novel by Hiroshi Yuki.

In addition to translation, Smith has composed English lyrics for a number of Nobuo Uematsu's vocal tracks, including "Melodies of Life" from Final Fantasy IX, "Otherworld" from Final Fantasy X, and "Eternity" from Blue Dragon. He also arranged lyrics for "The Skies Above" and "Otherworld" on The Skies Above, the second album from Uematsu's band, The Black Mages, and performed the spoken word intro to "Maybe I'm a Lion" as well.

With his translations, Smith goes to great lengths to preserve the experience of the original text as much as possible, especially if it has a distinct feel. For The Devotion of Suspect X, he mirrored Higashino's "sparse, methodical tone of Japanese" by using more elevated and formal language. He draws on his academic background in classical Japanese literature to inform some of these translations. When it comes to the question of leaving Japan-specific terms untranslated, Smith is careful to either translate around it or provide a concise description of the term. He only resorts to leaving a word in Japanese in rare, plot-critical cases, such as with a {{transl|ja|kotatsu}} used as a murder weapon in The Devotion of Suspect X, stating "Nothing kills the flow of a text more than a long-winded explanation of something which would have come second nature to a reader of the original [Japanese]". For less "literary" mediums like manga and games, Smith feels more free to maximize the audience's enjoyment if a strict literal translation that adheres to the original sentence structure would impede that enjoyment.

Smith considers his treatment of Vagrant Story and Final Fantasy XII among his best translations. He looks to Vagrant Story as a title that demands to be in English and thought of his work as revealing the inner English game that always existed underneath. Smith was able to speak directly with Matsuno to improve the script translation, marking the first of their many collaborations. For Final Fantasy XII, his role entailed rebuilding the world to make sense for an English-speaking audience. He chose to portray the Archadian Imperials with a British accent to distinguish them from the American-accented Resistance members.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xii-vets-talk-game-localization/1100-6216923/ |title=Final Fantasy XII vets talk game localization |author=Tong, Sophia |publisher=GameSpot |date=September 7, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611165828/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xii-vets-talk-game-localization/1100-6216923/ |archive-date=June 11, 2014 }} For both of these titles, Smith relied on Matsuno's dense notes on the world's backstory to capture subtle and implied connections and preserve the rich texture of the game.

Smith compares translating lip synced dialogue to writing entirely in haiku. The 7% of Final Fantasy XII{{'}}s script that was voiced took more time to translate than the remaining 93%. In his role as voice producer, Smith searched for character actors like John DiMaggio and British stage actors for the judges. He was pleased by the performance of Johnny McKeown, the child actor who portrayed Larsa, a precocious prince. Smith was able to rewrite the script based on the actors he had cast for each character. He also made a key change to one of the final lines of Final Fantasy X with scenario writer Kazushige Nojima's approval. In the original Japanese, the main character's love interest, Yuna, tells the main character "wikt:ありがとう" just before he fades away. Although the word literally means "thank you", Smith chose to elaborate on the connotations of the word and the tone of the scene, settling on "I love you"—the first time the phrase has appeared in a Final Fantasy game.{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/from-japan-with-changes-the-endless-debate-over-video-1747960323|title=From Japan, With Changes: The Endless Debate Over Video Game 'Censorship'|author=Klepek, Patrick|publisher=Gawker Media|work=Kotaku|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=February 13, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216074334/http://kotaku.com/from-japan-with-changes-the-endless-debate-over-video-1747960323|archive-date=February 16, 2016}}{{Cite journal|last = Smith|first = Alexander O.|date = 2001|title = The Last Word|journal = すばる [Subaru]|issue = 12|pages = 36–37}}

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• Localization of Square Enix video games
• Richard Honeywood – Smith's superior at Square's localization department

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Category:21st-century American translators

Category:American male voice actors

Category:American video game designers

Category:Dartmouth College alumni

Category:Final Fantasy designers

Category:Harvard University alumni

Category:Japanese–English translators

Category:Living people

Category:Writers from Tokyo

Category:American subtitlers

Category:Video game localization

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)