Alfred Harker

{{Infobox person

| name = Alfred Harker

| image = Alfred Harker.jpg

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| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|02|18|df=y}}

| birth_place = Hull, Yorkshire, England

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1939|07|28|1859|02|18|df=y}}

| death_place =

| other_names =

| occupation = Geologist

| years_active =

| known_for = Geological studies of western Scotland and the Isle of Skye

| notable_works = Petrology for Students

| signature = Alfred Harker signature.png

}}

Alfred Harker FRS{{Cite journal | last1 = Seward | first1 = A. C. | author-link1 = Albert Seward| last2 = Tilley | first2 = C. E. | author-link2 = Cecil Edgar Tilley| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1940.0017 | title = Alfred Harker. 1859-1939 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 3 | issue = 8 | pages = 196 | year = 1940 | s2cid = 120092032 }} (19 February 1859 – 28 July 1939) was an English geologist who specialised in petrology and interpretive petrography. He was lecturer in petrology at the University of Cambridge for many years, and carried out field mapping for the Geological Survey of Scotland and geological studies of western Scotland and the Isle of Skye. He and other British geologists pioneered the use of thin sections and the petrographic microscope in interpretive petrology.

Education and career

Harker's father was the Yorkshire corn merchant Portas Hewart Harker, his mother Ellen Mary Harker. He attended Hull and East Riding College, and the private Clewer House School (Windsor) before enrolling as an undergraduate at St. John's College (Cambridge) from where he graduated with an M.A. on 18 January 1882.{{acad|id=HRKR878A|name=Harker, Alfred}} Whilst at Cambridge he was an early member of the Sedgwick Club.{{Cite web|url=http://sedgwickclub.soc.srcf.net/index.php|title=The Sedgwick Club|website=sedgwickclub.soc.srcf.net|access-date=2016-04-06}} In 1884 he held the post of Demonstrator in the Geology Department under Thomas McKenny Hughes (whom he regarded his mentor), as lecturer at Newnham College in 1892 at St. John's College, as University Lecturer in 1904, and as Reader in Petrology in 1918.

Harker's duties included teaching Mineralogy and Petrology to students. Harker was elected as a Fellow of St. John's College in 1885. A geological tour of Western Europe in 1887 introduced him to the metamorphic rocks of the Ardennes which proved to be an influential experience to his continuing research. Harker accompanied Professor Thomas McKenny Hughes to the United States in 1891 where they attended the 5th International Geological Congress. This was the first time the event had been held outside Europe.

Fieldwork and research

File:Harker Geological Map Isle of Rum 1903.jpgIn 1895, Harker commenced employment with the Geological Survey of Great Britain on a part-time basis. Professor McKenny-Hughes had also worked with the Survey, but Harker's invitation came from the then Director General, Archibald Geikie. This was to assist in the mapping and determination of the igneous rocks of the Isle of Skye and the Small Isles. This association lasted until 1905.{{cite journal|title=Eminent Living Geologists. Alfred Harker|journal = Geological Magazine|volume=IV|issue=VII|date=1917|url=https://archive.org/details/1917Geologicalmagazi641917wood1|doi=10.1017/s0016756800198681 | s2cid=129933175 }} At this time, he also became a Member of the Scottish Mountaineering Club.

Harker's active fieldwork programme also saw him collaborating with Professor John Edward Marr of the Department of Geology on the volcanic rocks of the Lake District in 1889. The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences opened in 1904 and three years later, Harker published research on material he had prepared petrological rock slices of. He named the petrological samples brought back by Charles Darwin as the 'Beagle Collection of Rocks'. The collection of 42,000 rock specimens made by Harker forms the basis of the Sedgwick Museum's petrological collection, now comprising more than 150,000 hand specimens and thin sections which are known collectively as the Harker Collection.{{cite web | url=http://www.sedgwickmuseum.org/index.php?page=the-harker-petrological-collection | title=Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences – Petrology Collection }}

Later years

Harker retired in 1931 and St. John's College made him a Life Fellow soon after his retirement. He died in 1939.

A book illustrating the geology and landscapes of the Western Isles of Scotland was published posthumously. Many of the illustrations in this work were based on drawings he made in his numerous field notebooks.

Honours and awards

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in June 1902,{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular |date=6 June 1902 |page=10 |issue=36787}} and received their Royal Medal in 1935. In 1907 he was awarded the Murchison Medal, and in 1922 the Wollaston medal, both by the Geological Society of London, which he had served as president from 1916 to 1918. The University of Edinburgh awarded him with an honorary doctoral degree in law in 1919. Harker Glacier on South Georgia Island,United States Geological Survey (2002). [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnisarchive/webant.antquery?fname=Harker&variant=no&ftype=&elev1=&elev2=&descr=&ndeg=&nmin=&wdeg=&wmin=&wdir=W&edeg=&emin=&edir=W&sdeg=&smin=&tab=y "Feature Name: Harker"]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 10 May 2007. Mount Harker in Antarctica, and Dorsa Harker,United States Geological Survey (2007). [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureNameDetail.jsp?feature=61765 "Moon: Dorsa Harker"]. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature Feature Information. Retrieved 20 June 2007. a feature on the Moon, are named after him. The mineral harkerite, first found on the Isle of Skye, is named after him. After his retirement, he was given the post of honorary curator of the Cambridge Petrological Museum, and their extensive rock collection bears his name. Two lecture rooms are named after him in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge.

Works

A list of Harker's principal geological writings up to 1917 can be found in a biographical article published in the Geological Magazine.

[https://archive.org/details/balavolcanicseri00harkuoft/page/n5 The Bala volcanic series of Caernarvonshire and associated rocks; being the Sedgwick Prize Essay for 1888], 1889, Cambridge University Press.
[https://archive.org/details/petrologystudent00harkrich/page/n5 Petrology for Students], 1895, Cambridge University Press
[https://archive.org/details/cu31924004019380/page/n7 The geology of North Arran, South Bute, and the Cumbraes, with parts of Ayrshire and Kintyre (Sheet 21, Scotland.)], 1903, HMSO
[https://archive.org/details/Harker1903Quarterlyjourna591903geol The overthrust torridonian rocks of the Isle of Rum], 1903, The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London Volume 59 pp. 189–215
[https://archive.org/details/cu31924004066373/page/n5 The Tertiary Igneous Rocks of Skye], 1904, Geological Survey of Scotland Memoir
[https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof00harkrich/page/n7 The Natural History of Igneous Rocks], 1909, Macmillan
[https://archive.org/details/geologysmallisl00barrgoog/page/n10 The Geology of the Small Isles of Inverness-shire: (Rum, Canna, Eigg, Muck etc.)(sheet 60, Scotland.)], 1909, Geological Survey of Scotland Memoir
[https://archive.org/details/notesongeologica00harkrich/page/n5 Notes on geological map-reading], 1920, Heffer
Metamorphism: A Study of the Transformations of Rock-Masses, 1923, Methuen, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.205763/page/n1 Second Edition 1939]

References

Bibliography

Young, Davis A., (2003) Mind Over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology, Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-10279-1}}
Bragg, William (1939) Address of the President Sir William Bragg, O.M., at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1939, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 173(954):286–312 (18 December 1939). Obituary pp. 294–295.{{refend}}

Category:1859 births

Category:1939 deaths

Category:Scientists from Kingston upon Hull

Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge

Category:20th-century British geologists

Category:Petrologists

Category:Fellows of the Royal Society

Category:Royal Medal winners

Category:Wollaston Medal winners

Category:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge

Category:People educated at Hull and East Riding College

Category:19th-century English geologists