Alfred Jefferson Vaughan Jr.

Alfred J. Vaughan Jr. was born in 1830 in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, a son of Alfred Jefferson Vaughan and his wife Dorothy. He entered the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) on July 17, 1848, and graduated 15th in a class of 29 cadets on July 4, 1851. Throughout his final year he served as "a cadet captain and company commander".{{cite web|url=http://www.vmi.edu/archives.aspx?id=5669|title=Virginia Military Institute archive biography of Vaughan|work=vmi.edu|accessdate=2009-03-16}} While attending VMI, Vaughan was a classmate of William Y.C. Humes, who stood 2nd in the class and would also serve as a Confederate general in the Civil War.{{cite web|url=http://www.vmi.edu/archives.aspx?id=5639|title=Virginia Military Institute archive biography of William Y.C. Humes|work=vmi.edu|accessdate=2009-03-16}}

Vaughan took up civil engineering as his chosen profession, and initially moved to Saint Joseph, Missouri, working as a surveyor for the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad.{{cite web|url=http://www.vaughan-vaughn.org/bioalf830va.htm|title=Vaughan-Vaughn Resource Page 'B' biography of Vaughan|work=vaughan-vaughn.org|accessdate=2009-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106043857/http://www.vaughan-vaughn.org/bioalf830va.htm|archive-date=2009-01-06|url-status=dead}} Soon afterward he relocated to Southern California, where he served as deputy U.S. surveyor. He then briefly was on the staff of an official for the Northern Pacific Railroad. In this work Vaughan served as the private secretary of Alfred Cumming (uncle of Confederate general Alfred Cumming) who represented the railway in peace treaty talks with the Indians living on the upper portion of the Missouri River.Warner, p. 315.

Finally settling in Marshall County, Mississippi, Vaughan took up work as a farmer.{{cite web|url=http://www.vaughan-vaughn.org/bioalf801va.htm|title=Vaughan-Vaughn Resource Page 'A' biography of Vaughan|work=vaughan-vaughn.org|accessdate=2009-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106051722/http://www.vaughan-vaughn.org/bioalf801va.htm|archive-date=2009-01-06|url-status=dead}} There he met Martha Jane Hardaway (1838–1911) and they were married on November 6, 1856, having eight children together. He was still working as a planter in Marshall County when the war began in 1861.

When the Civil War began in 1861, Vaughan chose to follow his home and adopted states and the Confederate cause, despite his strong Unionist feelings.{{cite web|url=http://www.historycentral.com/bio/CWcGENS/CSAVaughn.html|title=History Central biography of Vaughan|work=historycentral.com|accessdate=2009-03-16}} He raised a company of fellow Mississippians for service, however the state was unable to arm and equip them, so Vaughan led them north to Moscow, Tennessee. There his men (dubbed the "Dixie Rifles") were added to the 13th Tennessee Infantry Regiment, and Vaughan entered the Confederate Army as its captain that May.Warner, p. 316; Eicher, p. 543. That June the regiment was reorganized, and on June 7 he was elected its lieutenant colonel.{{cite web|url=http://www.civilwarreference.com/people/index.php?peopleID=1214|title=Civil War Reference biography of Vaughan|work=civilwarreference.com|accessdate=2009-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708161739/http://www.civilwarreference.com/people/index.php?peopleID=1214|archive-date=2011-07-08|url-status=dead}}

File:Shiloh Battle Apr6am-2.png, actions of April 6, 1862]]

Vaughan and his regiment first saw action during the Battle of Belmont on November 7, 1861. On December 4 he was promoted to colonel and was given command of the 13th Tennessee. He then fought during the Battle of Shiloh on April 6–7, 1862, and was lightly wounded on the first day of the battle.Eicher, p. 543. Vaughan's conduct in this fight has been described as: " ...he led his troops in a charge against the Union right, routing an Ohio regiment and causing a nearby battery to abandon 3 of its guns." Beginning that fall he was given brigade command in the Army of Tennessee and both its previous namings (Army of Kentucky and of Mississippi).

Recovering from the injury, Vaughan participated in the Battle of Richmond on August 29–30, and the Battle of Perryville on October 8. He also fought during the Battle of Stones River (also called the Battle of Murfreesboro) from December 31 to January 2, 1863. Vaughan's most notable service was during the Battle of Chickamauga on September 17–18, 1863, after which he was given a field promotion personally by Confederate President Jefferson Davis "for conspicuous gallantry." Vaughan was promoted to brigadier general effective November 18, 1863, "in recognition for his service to the Confederacy at Chickamauga."Wright, p. 116. Appointed from Tennessee on November 21, 1863, to rank from November 18, and confirmed by the Confederate Congress on February 14, 1864. An account of his performance in that fight follows:

{{Blockquote|At Chickamauga he was made brigadier-general on the field, and succeeded to the command of the brigade of Preston Smith, who was killed in that battle. When he fell, Colonel Vaughan was near his side and immediately took charge of his brigade, and by skill and courage richly earned the honor bestowed upon him by the President of the Confederacy.}}

File:Atlanta campaign.svg of 1864]]

During the Chattanooga Campaign that followed, Vaughan fought at the Battle of Missionary Ridge on November 25, 1863. He then participated in the Atlanta Campaign of 1864, and on July 4 Vaughan led his brigade during a skirmish at Vining's Station just after the Battle of Marietta on the previous day. Up to this point he had escaped serious injury, despite having at least eight horses shot from under him in combat.Warner, p. 316. However, in this fight he was severely wounded when his leg was cut off by an exploding artillery shell, ending his active military service with the Confederate States. On May 10, 1865, Vaughan was paroled from Gainesville, Alabama, and returned home.

After the American Civil War ended in 1865, Vaughan returned to farming in Mississippi. In 1872 he moved to Tennessee, where into 1873 he participated in the Grange Movement at Memphis. He served as a general agent of the movement, responsible for the organization of state granges in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Vaughan also opened a mercantile business while in Memphis.

On November 4, 1876, Vaughan was the Grand Marshal at the Grand Democratic Rally at Memphis. There were 4,000 people in the torchlight procession and 10,000 people at the assembly at the Exposition Building. Other honored guests and speakers included Lucius Q. C. Lamar and former Gov. Isham Green Harris amongst other dignitaries.[http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045160/1876-11-05/ed-1/seq-2/ Memphis Ablaze - Report on the Nov. 4th Grand Democrat Rally, Memphis Daily Appeal, Nov. 5, 1876]

In 1878 Vaughan was elected clerk of the criminal court of Shelby County, Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1882. From 1897 until his death Vaughan was the head of the United Confederate Veterans chapter in Tennessee. Also in 1897 he published his book Personal Record of the Thirteenth Regiment, Tennessee Infantry. He died two years later in Indianapolis, Indiana, and his body was returned to Memphis for burial in the city's Elmwood Cemetery.

{{Portal|American Civil War|Biography}}

• List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3641-1}}.
• Peterson, Lawrence K. Confederate Combat Commander: The Remarkable Life of Brigadier General Alfred Jefferson Vaughan Jr. (University of Tennessee Press; 2013) 344 pages; scholarly biography
• Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-1055-4}}.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. {{ISBN|978-0-8071-0823-9}}.
• Wright, Marcus J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=HswLAAAAIAAJ General Officers of the Confederate Army: Officers of the Executive Departments of the Confederate States, Members of the Confederate Congress by States]. Mattituck, NY: J. M. Carroll & Co., 1983. {{ISBN|0-8488-0009-5}}. First published 1911 by Neale Publishing Co.

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708161739/http://www.civilwarreference.com/people/index.php?peopleID=1214 civilwarreference.com] Civil War Reference biography of Vaughan.
• [http://www.historycentral.com/bio/CWcGENS/CSAVaughn.html historycentral.com] History Central biography of Vaughan.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106051722/http://www.vaughan-vaughn.org/bioalf801va.htm vaughan-vaughn.org] Vaughan-Vaughn Resource Page 'A' biography of Vaughan.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106043857/http://www.vaughan-vaughn.org/bioalf830va.htm vaughan-vaughn.org] Vaughan-Vaughn Resource Page 'B' biography of Vaughan.
• [http://www.vmi.edu/archives.aspx?id=5669 vmi.edu] Virginia Military Institute archive entry for Vaughan.
• [http://www.vmi.edu/archives.aspx?id=5639 vmi.edu] Virginia Military Institute archive entry for William Y.C. Humes.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaughan, Alfred Jefferson Jr.}}

Category:Confederate States Army brigadier generals

Category:People of Virginia in the American Civil War

Category:People from Dinwiddie County, Virginia

Category:1830 births

Category:1899 deaths

Category:Virginia Military Institute alumni

Category:19th-century American planters

Category:Military personnel from Memphis, Tennessee

Category:Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Memphis, Tennessee)

Category:Members of the United Confederate Veterans