Alia Toukan

{{Infobox royalty

| image = Queen Alia of Jordan.jpg

| caption = Alia in 1976

| consort = yes

| succession = Queen consort of Jordan

| reign = 24 December 1972 – 9 February 1977

| birth_name = Alia Bahauddin Toukan

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|12|25|df=yes}}

| birth_place = Cairo, Kingdom of Egypt

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1977|2|9|1948|12|25|df=yes}}

| death_place = Amman, Jordan

| burial_date =

| burial_place = Raghadan Palace

| spouse = {{marriage|Hussein of Jordan|1972}}

| issue = {{plainlist|

}}

| regnal name = Alia Al Hussein

| house =

| father = Bahauddin Toukan

| mother = Hanan Hashim

}}

Alia Bahauddin Toukan ({{langx|ar|علياء بهاء الدين طوقان|'Āliyā' Bahāʾ ud-Dīn Ṭūqān}}; 25 December 1948 – 9 February 1977), also known as Alia Al Hussein ({{langx|ar|علياء الحسين}}),{{cite web|url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/queen-alia-remembered|title=Queen Alia remembered|work=The Jordan Times|date=8 February 2022|accessdate=3 March 2023}} was Queen of Jordan as the third wife of King Hussein from their marriage on 24 December 1972 until her death in a helicopter crash in 1977.

Background

File:Habis Majali walking alongside Queen Alia.jpg.]]

Alia Toukan was born on 25 December 1948 in Cairo, Egypt,{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/10/archives/queen-alia-of-jordan-dies-in-copter-crash-health-minister-also.html|title=Queen Alia of Jordan Dies in Copter Crash|agency=UPI|newspaper=The New York Times|date=10 February 1977|accessdate=3 March 2023}} the daughter of Baha Toukan and his wife Hanan Hashim. Her mother, a home-maker, was a grandniece of Ibrahim Hashim Pasha, and her father was a diplomat. At the time of Alia's birth, he was the ambassador of Jordan to the Court of St James's (United Kingdom), Italy, Turkey and Egypt all at once.{{cite web|title=Jordanians remember Queen Alia|url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/jordanians-remember-queen-alia|work=The Jordan Times|date=8 February 2016 |accessdate=19 July 2024}}{{cite web |title=Death of a King; Cautious King Took Risks In Straddling Two Worlds |first=Judith |last=Miller |work=The New York Times |date=8 February 1999 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/08/world/death-of-a-king-cautious-king-took-risks-in-straddling-two-worlds.html |access-date=19 July 2024}} Toukan, a close confidant of King Abdullah I of Jordan, had previously helped write the Jordanian Constitution in 1952, and had served as Jordan's first Ambassador to the United Nations.

Alia spent most of her childhood years traveling with her parents during her father's career in Jordan's diplomatic corps: she lived in Egypt, Turkey, London, the United States, and Rome. She attended Church School in London with her younger brothers, Alaa and Abdullah. She was educated at the Rome Center of Liberal Arts of Loyola University Chicago.{{cite web|url=https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=40764&lang=en&name=en_news|title=Jordan marks 45th of Queen Alia's death|work=Jordan News Agency|date=8 February 2022|accessdate=3 March 2023}} She studied political science with a minor in social psychology, and public relations at Hunter College in New York City. She was interested in sports and writing, and she wished to be a diplomat. In 1971, she moved to Jordan, where she worked for Royal Jordanian Airlines. She was asked by King Hussein, grandson of Abdullah I, to oversee the preparations for the first International Water Skiing Festival held in the coastal city of Aqaba in September 1972.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

Family

Alia married the King in a private ceremony at her father's house, with no attendance of any other royal family members, on 24 December 1972, 3 days after the king divorced his second wife Princess Muna Al-Hussein, and was titled Queen Alia Al Hussein ({{langx|ar|الملكة علياء الحسين}}).

They had two children:

Princess Haya (born 3 May 1974)
Prince Ali (born 23 December 1975)

They also adopted Abir, a young Palestinian girl whose mother had been killed by a plane crash at a refugee camp near the Amman airport.

Queen

File:King Hussein and Queen Alia with the Fords.jpg and Gerald Ford on 30 March 1976.]]

Queen Alia founded the Office of the Queen of Jordan and gave it an active and public role. The active role she took in Jordan has been emulated by her successors. She financed social development projects, placing particular emphasis on women and children. She often made surprise visits to hospitals and national institutions, aiming to raise service standards and help people to help themselves. In her drive to ensure that children from impoverished backgrounds received their right to education, she fostered close ties with schools such as the Schneller School for Orphans, which took many of the street children that Queen Alia sent there.

Her commitment to improving social services continued throughout her lifetime and was still pursued in her name after her death, when King Hussein ensured the continuation of the many educational scholarships given in her honour.

Alia's love of the arts and literature inspired the establishment of libraries throughout the country, including one at the Central Bank of Jordan and another in the King Hussein Medical City. Her interest in the arts led to the founding of the Haya Cultural Centre for Children, the National Folklore Troupe and the Alia Art Gallery. It was also instrumental in conceiving the Jerash Festival for the Arts.

In 1974, Alia called for women to be granted the right to vote and be elected for parliament. On 4 April 1974, a law was promulgated granting women this right; however, the suspension of parliamentary life in Jordan between 1974 and 1989 prevented its implementation.

Death and legacy

Alia died in a military helicopter crash in Amman, Jordan, on 9 February 1977. She was on her way back from an inspection trip to Tafileh Hospital in southern Jordan. King Hussein announced her death on radio, stating that the crash had happened in a violent rainstorm. The Minister of Health Mohammed al-Beshir and Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Mohannad Alkhas Hatough were also killed in the crash.{{Cite web |script-title=ar:في ذكرى استشهاد المغفور لها الملكة علياء |url=https://alrai.com/article/445305/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1 |website=al Rai Newspaper |language=ar |date=17 February 2011 |access-date=19 July 2024}} Her funeral ceremony took place on the following day, in which members of the Jordanian Armed Forces took part.{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/130988/|title=Jordan: King Hussein attends burial of his third wife, Queen Alia, killed in helicopter crash|work=British Pathé|date=10 February 1977|accessdate=3 March 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/1057187|title=Jordan: King Hussein attends burial of his third wife, Queen Alia, killed in helicopter crash|agency=Reuters|date=10 February 1977|accessdate=3 March 2023}} Among the foreign dignitaries at the funeral was the Syrian president Hafez al-Assad.{{cite web|url=https://catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991043371385703276/01VAN_INST:vanui|title=Jordan / Alia Death|work=ABC Evening News|via=Vanderbilt University|last1=Brannigan|first1=Bill|last2=Reasoner|first2=Harry|date=10 February 1977|accessdate=3 March 2023}}

Amman's principal airport, Queen Alia International Airport (AMM), was built in 1983 and named in her honour. It is located 32 km (20 miles) south of the city and replaced Amman Marka International Airport (now Amman Civil Airport) as the city's main gateway.

Honours and decorations

; National

50px Dame Grand Cordon with Collar of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
50px Dame Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance [special class] (24 December 1972).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

; Foreign

50px Member of the Order of Gabriela Silang (Republic of the Philippines, 1 March 1976).{{cite news|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/06/04/presidents-week-in-review-march-1-march-9-1976/ |title=President's Week in Review: March 1 – March 9, 1976 |newspaper=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |access-date=19 July 2024}}
50px Dame Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown (Empire of Japan, 3 March 1976).{{cite web |url=https://www.alamy.com/mar-03-1976-king-of-jordans-banquet-for-imperial-japanese-couple-empress-image69483638.html?imageid=CCB0AC15-9DC2-4BF5-B4A2-7FC97B305F76&p=90011&pn=1&searchId=01792f1b103d88f3d6fc6bb549af328c&searchtype=0 |website=Alamy |title=King Of Jordan's Banquet For Imperial Japanese Couple |date=3 March 1976 |access-date=19 July 2024}}
50px Great Star of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (Republic of Austria, 15 June 1976).{{cite web|url=http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|trans-title=Reply to a parliamentary question |title=Anfragebeantwortung|language=German|page=458|accessdate=19 July 2024 |id=10542/AB XXIV. GP |publisher=Parliament of Austria}}{{cite web |title=SYND 16 6 76 KING HUSSEIN OF JORDAN VISITS AUSTRIA, SEES MOZART'S BIRTHPLACE |url=https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/detail?itemid=5a4fe3d6b6c533d53479101565c8af40&mediatype=video&source=youtube |website=Associated Press |access-date=19 July 2024 |date=June 14, 1976}}