Alice Stone Blackwell

Blackwell was born in East Orange, New Jersey to Henry Browne Blackwell and Lucy Stone, both of whom were suffrage leaders and helped establish the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). She was also the niece of Elizabeth Blackwell, America's first female physician.{{Cite book|title = The Cambridge guide to women's writing in English|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1999|location = Cambridge, United Kingdom|chapter = Blackwell, Alice Stone 1857–1950|url = http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/camgwwie/blackwell_alice_stone_1857_1950/0?searchId=4a50be85-5fab-11e5-a707-0aea1e24c1ac&result=1}} Her mother introduced Susan B. Anthony to the women's rights movement and was the first woman to earn a college degree in Massachusetts, the first to keep her own last name after getting married, and the first to speak about women's rights full-time.{{Cite web|title = Alice Stone Blackwell – Biography|url = http://www.armenianhouse.org/blackwell/biography-en.html|website = www.armenianhouse.org|accessdate = 2015-11-18}}

Blackwell was educated at the Harris Grammar School in Dorchester, the Chauncy School in Boston and Abbot Academy in Andover. She attended Boston University, where she was president of her class, and graduated in 1881, at age 24.{{Cite web|url=http://www.dorchesteratheneum.org/page.php?id=38|title=Dorchester Atheneum|website=www.dorchesteratheneum.org|access-date=2016-11-06|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233218/http://www.dorchesteratheneum.org/page.php?id=38|url-status=dead}} She belonged to Phi Beta Kappa society.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/alice-stone-blackwell/|title=Education & Resources - National Women's History Museum - NWHM|website=www.nwhm.org|language=en|access-date=2016-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316211626/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/alice-stone-blackwell/|archive-date=2017-03-16|url-status=dead}}

Blackwell is well known for her work towards women's rights. At first resisting the cause of her mother and father, she later became a prominent reformer.{{cite news |title = Alice Blackwell, Noted Suffragist; Daughter Of Lucy Stone And Abolitionist Leader Dies. Editor, Author Was 92|newspaper = The New York Times|date = March 16, 1950}} After graduating from Boston University, Alice began working for the Woman's Journal, the paper started by her parents. By 1884, her name was alongside her parents on the paper's masthead. After her mother's death in 1893, Alice assumed almost sole editing responsibility of the paper.{{Cite web|title = American National Biography Online|url = http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00063.html?a=1&n=alice%2520stone%2520blackwell&d=10&ss=0&q=1|website = www.anb.org|accessdate = 2015-11-06}}

File:Susan B. Anthony & Alice Stone Blackwell signed NAWSA check.jpg and Alice Stone Blackwell signed NAWSA check, written by the group's treasurer Harriet Taylor Upton.]]

In 1890, she helped reconcile the American Woman Suffrage Association and National Woman Suffrage Association, two competing organizations in the women's suffrage movement, into the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The movement had become split in 1869 over disputes over the degree to which women's suffrage should be tied to African-American male suffrage. This split created the AWSA, which her parents helped organize, and the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), headed by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. From 1890 to 1908, Alice Stone Blackwell was NAWSA's recording secretary and in 1909 and 1910 one of the national auditors. She was prominent in Woman's Christian Temperance Union activities. In 1903, she reorganized the Society of Friends of Russian Freedom in Boston.

She was also president of the New England and Massachusetts Woman Suffrage associations and honorary president of the Massachusetts League of Women Voters.{{Cite web|title = Blackwell, Alice Stone, 1857–1950. Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1885–1950: A Finding Aid|url = http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch01011|website = oasis.lib.harvard.edu|accessdate = 2015-11-18|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001016/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch01011|archive-date = 2016-03-04|url-status = dead}}

In later life, Blackwell went blind.[http://www.mith2.umd.edu/WomensStudies/ReadingRoom/History/Vote/75-suffragists.html Women Win the Vote: Who Were They? 75 Suffragists Profiled] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830134817/http://www.mith2.umd.edu/WomensStudies/ReadingRoom/History/Vote/75-suffragists.html |date=2011-08-30 }} She died March 15, 1950, at the age of ninety-two.

Her home in Uphams Corner is a site on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.{{cite web|title=Dorchester|url=http://bwht.org/dorchester/|website=Boston Women's Heritage Trail}}

File:C1910 Alice Stone Blackwell editor Woman's Journal.jpg|Blackwell holding a copy of Woman's Journal, around 1910.

File:Alice Stone Blackwell.jpg|Alice Stone Blackwell

Alice Stone Blackwell was also involved in humanitarian acts outside of the United States. In the 1890s, she traveled to Armenia, where she became passionately involved in the Armenian refugee community. She sold some of her possessions, particularly the oriental rugs from her house on Pope's Hill in Dorchester,{{Cite journal|title=Alice Blackwell's diary reveals 19th C. Dorchester, Boston from a Pope's Hill perspective|journal=Dorchester Community News}} to benefit the Armenians and feed their children, and she also provided assistance to adults looking for jobs. This is also when she discovered her interest in international literature. She translated many of the country's works into English in Armenian Poems (1896). She would continue translating literature into English, including works of Hungarian, Yiddish, Spanish, French, Italian, and Russian poetry.{{Cite book|title = Woman's Who's Who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914–1915|last = Leonard|first = John|publisher = American Commonwealth Company|year = 1914|location = New York City|pages = 104}}

• Growing Up in Boston's Gilded Age: The Journal of Alice Stone Blackwell, 1872–1874
• Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights (published 1930, reprinted 1971)
• Some Spanish-American Poets translated by Alice Stone Blackwell (published 1929 by D. Appleton & Co.)
• Armenian Poems translated by Alice Stone Blackwell (1st vol., 1896; 2nd vol., 1917). {{OCLC|4561287}}.
• Songs of Russia (1906)
• Songs of Grief and Joy translated from the Yiddish of Ezekiel Leavitt (1908)

{{Portal|Biography}}

• List of suffragists and suffragettes
• List of women's rights activists
• Timeline of women's suffrage
• Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)

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• {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Blackwell, Alice Stone}}
• D.M. Nechiporuk, [https://www.academia.edu/38044480 In the Name of Nihilism: the Society of American Friends of Russian Freedom and the Russian Revolutionary Movement Abroad, 1891-1930] St. Petersburg: Nestor Press, 2018.

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{{wikisource author|Alice Stone Blackwell}}

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• [http://armenianhouse.org/blackwell/alice-blackwell.html Alice Stone Blackwell]—detailed biography, her translations of Armenian, Yiddish and Russian poetry.
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01011 Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1885–1950]. [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00052 Papers, 1835–1960]. [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• [https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/043.html Carrie Chapman Catt Collection] at the Library of Congress has volumes from the library of Alice Stone Blackwell.

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{{Lucy Stone}}

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Category:1857 births

Category:1950 deaths

Category:Suffragists from Massachusetts

Category:American temperance activists

Category:American women journalists

Category:American women's rights activists

Category:Blackwell family

Category:Boston University alumni

Category:Writers from East Orange, New Jersey

Category:Chapel Hill – Chauncy Hall School alumni

Category:American socialist feminists

Category:Abbot Academy alumni

Category:National American Woman Suffrage Association activists

Category:Woman's Journal people