Aliyu Amba
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Aliyu Amba
| native_name =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Ethiopia
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ethiopia
| coordinates = {{coord|09|32|N|39|48|E|region:ET|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Ethiopia
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Amhara Region
| subdivision_type2 = Zone
| subdivision_name2 = Semien Shewa Zone
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1805
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 2873
| population_as_of = 2005 est.
| population_density_km2 =
| timezone = EAT
| utc_offset = +3
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
Aliyu Amba (Amharic: ዐልዩ ዐምባ) is a town in central Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of {{coord|09|32|N|39|48|E|type:city(2873)_region:ET-AM|display=inline,title}} with an elevation of 1805 meters above sea level. It was historically part of the Ifat region.{{cite book |title=Aleyyu Amba: The Ifat and its political, religious and commercial networks during the XIXth century |publisher=French Center for Ethiopian Studies |url=https://cfee.hypotheses.org/7316}} The town is located near the ancient state of Kwelgora.{{cite book |last1=Crawford |first1=O.G.S. |title=Ethiopian Itineraries circa 1400-1524: Including those Collected by Alessandro Zorzi at Venice in the Years 1519-24 |date=9 August 2019 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=66 |isbn=978-1-317-14101-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wHIIEQAAQBAJ&dq=Kuelgora&pg=PA66}}
Charles Johnston, who passed through this settlement 31 May 1841, described it as "perched upon a flat-topped isolated rock that, nearly at right angles with the road, juts across the upper end of a pretty little valley".Johnston, Travels in Southern Abyssinia through the Country of Adal to the Kingdom of Shoa (London, 1844), vol. 2 p. 50
There is a weekly market in Aliyu Amba, which is held on Sunday. Educational facilities in the early 1990s included one primary and one junior secondary school.[http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/evstudies/pdfs/dinki/dinki-nophotos.pdf "Ethiopian Village Studies: Dinki, Tegulet North Shewa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181158/http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/evstudies/pdfs/dinki/dinki-nophotos.pdf |date=2011-07-21 }}, Center for the Study of African Economies (accessed 8 August 2009)
History
Aliyu Amba owed its importance to its location on the caravan route that stretched from Saqqa in the Gibe region at its western point to Harar in the east and Tadjoura on the Red Sea. It was the most important market of central Ethiopia in the early and middle 19th century, and its merchants were almost entirely Muslim.[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/A/ORTAK.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023118/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/A/ORTAK.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }} The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 7 February 2008) The rulers of Shewa in Abyssinia and the Emirate of Harar co-operated in keeping this west-east route open. As a result the two potentates were in regular contact, and the head of the Harari community in Aliyu Amba was appointed by the Emir of Harar.{{cite book |last= Abir|first= Mordechai |title= Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)|year= 1968|publisher= Longmans|location= London|pages= 13f}} This town was also an important center of the amoleh trade in the 1830s, and Mordechai Abir notes that a 10 per cent duty on all sales rendered to the Shewan government 3,000 Maria Theresa Thalers in cash and the equivalent of 2,000 in kind.Abir, Ethiopia, p.47 n. 2 In the 1840s a Harari leader of a delegate from Harar, referred to as "Abdal Wanag" (lion of Adal) was governor of the town.{{cite book |last1=Garad |first1=Abdurahman |title=Harar Wirtschaftsgeschichte eines Emirats im Horn von Afrika (1825-75) |publisher=P. Lang |page=158 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Harar/Z_gwAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Harar:+Wirtschaftsgeschichte+des+Emirats+im+Horn+von+Afrika+(1825-75)&dq=Harar:+Wirtschaftsgeschichte+des+Emirats+im+Horn+von+Afrika+(1825-75)&printsec=frontcover}}{{cite book |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |title=History of Ethiopian Towns from the Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century Volume 1 |date=1982 |publisher=Steiner |page=296 |isbn=978-3-515-03204-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdtyAAAAMAAJ&q=abdal+yonag+harar}}{{cite book |last1=Lindahl |first1=Bernhard |title=Local History of Ethiopia |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |page=69 |url=https://nai.uu.se/download/18.39fca04516faedec8b248c0f/1580827182937/ORTAK05.pdf}}
At the height of its importance in the late 1870s, Aliyu Amba was estimated by Antonio Cecchi to have a population of about 4,000. However, when Emperor Menelik II moved his court from neighboring Ankober to Entoto (and later Addis Ababa), the town lost importance. It was not until 1990 that a road 16 kilometers in length was built to connect Aliyu Amba with Ankober by Lutheran organizations and the Mekane Yesus Church with the help of local workers. The Mekane Yesus have also started a program dedicated to reversing the land degradation of the farmland around the town.
Demographics
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Aliyu Amba has an estimated total population of 2,873 of whom 1,431 are men and 1,442 are women.[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123121716/http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm |date=November 23, 2006 }}, Table B.4 The inhabitants include members of the Argobba people. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,582 of whom 719 were men and 863 were women. It is one of four towns in Ankober woreda.
Further reading
- Ahmed Hassen, Aleyyu Amba : l'Ifat et ses réseaux politiques, religieux et commerciaux au XIXe siècle. Centre français des études éthiopiennes, Éditions de Boccard, 2020