AllMusic

AllMusic was launched as All-Music Guide by Michael Erlewine, a "compulsive archivist, noted astrologer, Buddhist scholar, and musician". He became interested in using computers for his astrological work in the mid-1970s and founded a software company, Matrix, in 1977. In the early 1990s, as compact discs (CDs) replaced LPs and cassettes as the dominant format for recorded music, Erlewine purchased what he thought was a CD of early recordings by Little Richard. After buying it, he discovered it was a "flaccid latter-day rehash". Frustrated with the labeling, he researched using metadata to create a music guide.{{cite book |last1=Herbert |first1=Daniel |title=Videoland: Movie Culture at the American Video Store |date=January 24, 2014 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Los Angeles, CA |isbn=978-0520279636 |page=209 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lV98AgAAQBAJ&q=All+Music+Guide+Michael+Erlewine+founded+astrologer&pg=PA209 |access-date=July 20, 2017}} In 1990, in Big Rapids, Michigan, he founded All Music Guide with a goal to create an open-access database that included every recording "since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost".

The first All Music Guide, published in 1992, was a 1,200-page reference book, packaged with a CD-ROM, titled All Music Guide: The Best CDs, Albums & Tapes: The Expert's Guide to the Best Releases from Thousands of Artists in All Types of Music.{{cite book |title=Formats and Editions of All Music Gude |publisher=World Cat |oclc=31186749}} Its first online version, in 1994, was a text-based Gopher site.{{cite news |last1=Nosowitz |first1=Dan |title=The Story of AllMusic, Which Predates the World Wide Web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-internets-most-complete-guide-to-music/ |access-date=June 22, 2017 |work=Vice |date=January 30, 2015}} It moved to the World Wide Web as web browsers became more user-friendly.

Erlewine hired a database engineer, Vladimir Bogdanov, to design the All Music Guide framework, and recruited his nephew, writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine, to develop editorial content. In 1993, Chris Woodstra joined the staff as an engineer. A "record geek" who had written for alternative weeklies and fanzines, his main qualification was an "encyclopedic knowledge of music". 1,400 subgenres of music were created, a feature that became central to the site's utility. In a 2016 article in Tedium, Ernie Smith wrote: "AllMusic may have been one of the most ambitious sites of the early-internet era—and it's one that is fundamental to our understanding of pop culture. Because the thing is, it doesn't just track reviews or albums. It tracks styles, genres, and subgenres, along with the tone of the music and the platforms on which the music is sold. It then connects that data together, in a way that can intelligently tell you about an entire type of music, whether a massive genre like classical, or a tiny one like sadcore."{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Ernie |title=The Big Data Jukebox |url=http://tedium.co/2016/09/20/allmusic-database-historic-importance/ |website=tedium.com |publisher=Tedium |access-date=July 26, 2017 |date=September 20, 2016}}

In 1996, seeking to further develop its web-based businesses, Alliance Entertainment Corp. bought All Music from Erlewine for a reported $3.5 million. He left the company after its sale. Alliance filed for bankruptcy in 1999, and its assets were acquired by Ron Burkle's Yucaipa Equity Fund.

In 1999, All Music relocated from Big Rapids to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where the staff expanded from 12 to 100 people. By February of that year, 350,000 albums and two million tracks had been cataloged. All Music had published biographies of 30,000 artists, 120,000 record reviews, and 300 essays written by "a hybrid of historians, critics, and passionate collectors".{{cite news |last1=Weisbard |first1=Eric |title=Conjunction Junction |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/1999/02/23/conjunction-junction/ |access-date=July 22, 2017 |work=The Village Voice |date=February 23, 1999}}{{cite news |last1=Powers |first1=Ann |title=Digital Underground Who Will Make Sure The Internet's Vast Musical Archive Doesn't Disappear? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2015/06/03/411666224/digital-underground |access-date=July 20, 2017 |work=NPR |date=June 3, 2015}}

In late 2007, AllMusic was purchased for $72 million by TiVo Corporation (known as Macrovision at the time of the sale, and as Rovi from 2009 until 2016).{{cite web |title=Focus Article: Rovi Corporation |url=http://www.insidearbitrage.com/2012/10/weekly-focus-article-rovi-corporation-rovi/ |website=insidearbitrage.com |publisher=Inside Arbitrage |date=October 1, 2012 |access-date=September 28, 2017}} In 2012, AllMusic removed all of Bryan Adams' info from the site per a request from the artist.{{cite web |title=FAQ |url=https://www.allmusic.com/faq/topic/bryanadams |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 17, 2019 |language=en-us}}

In 2015, AllMusic was purchased by BlinkX, later known as RhythmOne.{{cite news |title= Blinkx Acquires Website Owner All Media Network For Undisclosed Amount |first=Sam |last=Unsted |publisher =London South East |date= April 16, 2015 |url= http://www.lse.co.uk/AllNews.asp?code=64stlp40&headline=Blinkx_Acquires_Website_Owner_All_Media_Network_For_Undisclosed_Amount}} The AllMusic database is powered by a combination of MySQL and MongoDB.{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Ernie |title=The Story of AllMusic, the Internet's Largest, Most Influential Music Database |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-story-of-allmusic-the-internets-largest-most-influential-music-database/ |website=Vice |access-date=July 20, 2017 |date=September 16, 2016}}

The All Media Network produced the All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide (at first released as The Experts' Guide),{{cite news |url=http://www2.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=10087 |title=Make it or Break it |last=Bowe |first=Brian J. |date=January 24, 2007 |newspaper=Metro Times |access-date=February 27, 2014 |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115132323/http://www2.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=10087 |url-status=dead }} which includes a series of publications about various music genres. It was followed by the Required Listening series, and Annual guides. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president and the main editor of the series.{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1179058/allmusiccom-folding-into-allrovicom-for-one-stop-entertainment-shop |title=AllMusic.com Folding Into AllRovi.com for One-Stop Entertainment Shop |last=Bruno |first=Anthony |date=February 28, 2011 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=June 15, 2013}}

• All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music (1st edition: 1992, 2nd ed: 1994, 3rd ed: 1997, 4th ed: 2001, 5th ed: 2008)
• All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music (2004)
• All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music (1st ed: 1997, 2nd ed: 2003)
• All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music (2001)
• All Music Guide to Hip-hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip-hop (2003)
• All Music Guide to Jazz: The Definitive Guide to Jazz Music  (1st ed: 1994, 2nd ed: 1996, 3rd ed: 1998, 4th ed: 2002)
• All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (1st ed: 1995, 2nd ed: 1997, 3rd ed: 2002){{cite web |last=Toon |first=Jason |url=http://www.riverfronttimes.com/1999-07-21/music/rock-stock/ |title=Rock Stock: A book report on the best tomes to consult before buying tunes |work=Riverfront Times |date=July 21, 1999 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430144519/http://www.riverfronttimes.com/1999-07-21/music/rock-stock/ |url-status=dead}}
• All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul (2003)
• All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues (1st ed: 1996, 2nd ed: 1999, 3rd ed: 2003)
• All Music Guide Required Listening: Classic Rock (2007)
• All Music Guide Required Listening: Contemporary Country (2008)
• All Music Guide Required Listening: Old School Rap & Hip-hop (2008)
• All Music Guide to the Music of 2002: Your Guide to the Recordings of the Year (2003)
• All Music Guide to the Music of 2003: Your Guide to the Recordings of the Year (2004)

In August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its "Top 100 Classic Websites" list.{{cite web |url= http://pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l=213025&a=212961&po=19,00.asp |title= Top 100 Classic Websites – AllMusic – Slideshow from pcmag.com |date= August 13, 2007 |last= Heater |first= Brian |work= PCmag.com |access-date= September 24, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170329235847/http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0%2C3253%2Cl%3D213025%26a%3D212961%26po%3D19%2C00.asp |archive-date= March 29, 2017 |url-status= dead}}{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.02/all.music.html |title=All Music |last=Wolf |first=Gary |date=February 1994 |magazine=Wired |access-date=February 27, 2014}}

• All Media Network
• AllGame
• AllMovie
• SideReel

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AllMusic

Category:1991 establishments in California

Category:American music websites

Category:Gopher (protocol)

Category:Internet properties established in 1991

Category:Mass media companies established in 1991

Category:Online music and lyrics databases