Alpha factor

{{short description|Factors found in materials science}}

The α-factor is a dimensionless quantity used to predict the solid–liquid interface type of a material during solidification. It was introduced by physicist Kenneth A. Jackson in 1958. In his model, crystal growth with larger values of α is smooth, whereas crystals growing at smaller α (below the threshold value of 2) have rough surfaces.{{cite journal|last=Bennema |first=P. |year=1993 |title=Morphology of crystals determined by alpha factors, roughening temperature, F faces and connected nets |journal=Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics |volume=26 |number=8B |pages=B1–B6 |doi=10.1088/0022-3727/26/8b/001}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nae.edu/312073.aspx |title=Kenneth A. Jackson (1930–2022) |website=National Academy of Engineering |access-date=2024-04-01 |year=2022 |first1=Don |last1=Uhlmann |first2=Vincent |last2=Fratello}}

Method

According to John E. Gruzleski in his book Microstructure Development During Metalcasting (1996):

: \alpha = \frac{L}{kT_\mathrm{E}}\cdot\frac{\eta}{v}

where L is the latent heat of fusion; k is the Boltzmann constant; T_\mathrm{E} is the freezing temperature at equilibrium; \eta is the number of nearest neighbours an atom has in the interface plane; and v is the number of nearest neighbours in the bulk solid.

As \frac{L}{T_\mathrm{E}} = \Delta S_f, where \Delta S_f is the molar entropy of fusion of the material,

: \alpha = \frac{\Delta S_f}{k} \cdot \frac{\eta}{v} {{cite book |last1=Gruzleski |first1=John E. |title=Microstructure Development During Metalcasting |date=1996}}

According to Martin Glicksman in his book Principles of Solidification: An Introduction to Modern Casting and Crystal Growth Concepts (2011):

: \alpha = \frac{\Delta S_f}{R_\mathrm{g}} \cdot\frac{\eta_1}{Z}

where R_\mathrm{g} is the universal gas constant. \frac{\eta_1}{Z} is similar to previous, always \frac{1}{4} < \frac{\eta_1}{Z} < 1.{{cite book |last1=Glicksman |first1=Martin |title=Principles of Solidification: An Introduction to Modern Casting and Crystal Growth Concepts |date=2011}}

References

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Category:Materials science

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